CHEM10006 Study Guide - Final Guide: Van Der Waals Strain, Conformational Isomerism, Chemical Formula
12 Jun 2018
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Primary, secondary & tertiary carbons/carbocations
Primary, secondary & tertiary amines & alcohols
negatively charged groups, some ions exist as a zwitterion,
have stronger electrostatic interactions than hydrogen
bonding
TOPIC 3: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas or different spatial arrangement
Constitutional isomers: Same molecular formula and molar
mass but their atoms are linked differently, and they differ in
physical properties; also known as structural isomers: a
bond must be broken to interconvert between them
Stereoisomers: Compounds that share identical molecular formulas, atom-to-atom linkages, and bonding distances, but differ in
3D arrangement; also called spatial isomers
Configurational isomers: Stereoisomers that do not
interconvert rapidly under normal conditions, and therefore
are stable enough to be separated
Conformational isomers: Free rotation about a sigma bond,
an infinite array of conformations is possible through
rotation: conformers
Atropisomers: Stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric
strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual conformations;
takes too much energy to overcome that repulsion that it cannot happen at room temperature; a rotamer that is not freely
Representations
Conformations
Document Summary
Primary, secondary & tertiary amines & alcohols negatively charged groups, some ions exist as a zwitterion, have stronger electrostatic interactions than hydrogen bonding. Isomers: compounds with the same molecular formula but di(cid:1559)erent structural formulas or di(cid:1559)erent spatial arrangement. Constitutional isomers: same molecular formula and molar mass but their atoms are linked di(cid:1559)erently, and they di(cid:1559)er in physical properties; also known as structural isomers: a bond must be broken to interconvert between them. Stereoisomers: compounds that share identical molecular formulas, atom-to-atom linkages, and bonding distances, but di(cid:1559)er in. Con(cid:711)gurational isomers: stereoisomers that do not interconvert rapidly under normal conditions, and therefore are stable enough to be separated. Conformational isomers: free rotation about a sigma bond, an in(cid:1560)nite array of conformations is possible through rotation: conformers. Ring inversion isomers: isomers produced by ring (cid:1561)ipping; chair conformation cyclohexanes. Rotamers: one speci(cid:1560)c conformation of a molecule; also called conformers; type of stereoisomer. Cis-diastereomers: substituent groups projecting in the same direction.
