HUMB1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Multipolar Neuron, Unipolar Neuron, Saltatory Conduction
10 Jun 2018
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Structure of the neuron
Functional types of neuron
Sensory neuron – carry messages from receptors in the sense organs or skin to the CNS
Motor neuron – Carry messages from CNS to muscles and glands
Interneuron – located in CNS and are the link between sensory and motor neurons
Structural types of neuron
Multipolar neuron – have one axon and multiple dendrite. Mostly motor neuron.
Bipolar neuron – have one axon and one dendrite. Neurons around eyes, nose, ears and mouth.
Unipolar neuron – Cell body is one side to the axon. Mostly sensory neurons.
Neuroglia of Central Nervous System
Astrocyte cells
• Forming a supporting framework for blood vessels and neurons
• Assists in the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the capillaries
• Respond to tissue damage in the CNS
Ependymal cells
• Line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord
Microglial cells
• Monitor the health of surrounding neurons
• Phagocytose microorganisms, infection, trauma or inflammation
Oligodendrocytes
• Cover axons which forms an insulating sheath (myelin sheath) around them in the CNS
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Document Summary
Sensory neuron carry messages from receptors in the sense organs or skin to the cns. Motor neuron carry messages from cns to muscles and glands. Interneuron located in cns and are the link between sensory and motor neurons. Multipolar neuron have one axon and multiple dendrite. Bipolar neuron have one axon and one dendrite. Unipolar neuron cell body is one side to the axon. Astrocyte cells: forming a supporting framework for blood vessels and neurons, assists in the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells of the capillaries, respond to tissue damage in the cns. Ependymal cells: line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Microglial cells: monitor the health of surrounding neurons, phagocytose microorganisms, infection, trauma or inflammation. Oligodendrocytes: cover axons which forms an insulating sheath (myelin sheath) around them in the cns. Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes: covers axons which forms an insulating sheath (myelin sheath) around them in the pns.
