HUMB1000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Stratified Squamous Epithelium, Lesser Omentum, Epithelium
10 Jun 2018
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Enzymes
• Protein catalyst that increases the rate of reaction
• Active site is highly specific as it can only bind to specific reactant
• E.g. Lipase – enzyme that breaks down lipids
Protease – enzyme that breaks down proteins
Digestive/alimentary system
• Function:
• Ingestion – consuming food into stomach through mouth
• Mastication – chewing to break down large particles to enhance chemical digestion
• Secretion – lubricate, liquefy and digest through mucus
• Digestion – mechanical and chemical digestion of food into nutrients
• Absorption – movement of nutrients out of digestive tract into cells
• Elimination – removal of waste products through faeces
• Covered by serous membranes including:
• visceral peritoneum – covers organs
• parietal peritoneum – covers interior surface of body wall
• mesenteries – connects organs together
➢ Greater omentum – connects stomach to transverse colon
➢ Lesser omentum – connects stomach to liver and diaphragm
• Oral cavity
• Non-keratinised stratifies squamous epithelium
• Function:
➢ Ingestion
➢ Mastication (turn food into a bolus)
• Consist of hard palate, soft palate, teeth and tongue
• Teeth
➢ Child: Milk/Primary teeth
➢ Adult: Permanent/Secondary teeth
➢ Incisors (8), canines (4), premolars (8) & molars (12)
• Saliva
➢ protects oral cavity, lubricate and digest food
➢ secreted from salivary glands (parotid, sublingual & submandibular)
➢ Amylase – break down carbohydrates into smaller sugars
➢ Lysozyme – antibacterial enzyme
• Pharynx
• Consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
• Function: connects oral cavity to oesophagus
• Uvula prevents food/drink entering nasopharynx
• Oesophagus
• Ciliated stratified squamous epithelium
• Function:
➢ Transport of bolus to stomach by peristalsis
➢ Connects pharynx to stomach
• 25 cm long
• Epiglottis prevents food/drink entering trachea
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• 3 phases: Voluntary, pharyngeal & oesophageal
• Stomach
• Simple columnar epithelium
• Function:
➢ Churns food into chyme
➢ Produce mucous, hydrochloric acid and pepsin
• Contains thick mucous that lubricates and protects epithelial cells
• Small intestine
• Simple columnar epithelium
• Function: nutrient absorption & chemical digestion
• Consists of duodenum (25cm), jejunum (2.5m) & ileum (3.5m)
• Large surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients
• Liver
• Function:
➢ Produces bile
➢ Stores glucose (as glycogen) & lipids for energy
➢ Detoxification
• Bile enters the common bile duct and emulsifies fat
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Enzymes: protein catalyst that increases the rate of reaction, active site is highly specific as it can only bind to specific reactant, e. g. Greater omentum connects stomach to transverse colon. Lesser omentum connects stomach to liver and diaphragm: oral cavity, non-keratinised stratifies squamous epithelium, function: Mastication (turn food into a bolus: consist of hard palate, soft palate, teeth and tongue, teeth. Incisors (8), canines (4), premolars (8) & molars (12: saliva. Protects oral cavity, lubricate and digest food. Secreted from salivary glands (parotid, sublingual & submandibular) Amylase break down carbohydrates into smaller sugars. Lysozyme antibacterial enzyme: pharynx, consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx, function: connects oral cavity to oesophagus, uvula prevents food/drink entering nasopharynx, oesophagus, ciliated stratified squamous epithelium, function: Transport of bolus to stomach by peristalsis. Connects pharynx to stomach: 25 cm long, epiglottis prevents food/drink entering trachea, 3 phases: voluntary, pharyngeal & oesophageal, stomach, simple columnar epithelium, function: Stores glucose (as glycogen) & lipids for energy.
