P vs. NP Problem: One of the most famous unsolved problems in computer science, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be verified efficiently can also be solved efficiently. Determining whether P (problems solvable in polynomial time) equals NP (problems verifiable in polynomial time) has significant implications for cryptography, optimization, and computational complexity.

Which of the following allows computation and analysis of data within a ciphertext without knowledge of the plaintext?

Options:

A Lattice-based cryptography
B Quantum computing
C Asymmetric cryptography
D Homomorphic encryption   Note : someone is saying answer is answer C and other is saying D i am confused ... please help to guide the same 

What is cloud computing?

Introduction to Cloud Computing

In this article, we will discuss cloud computing. Cloud computing refers to a group of computers on a network. In the past, when developing software or web applications, we would build a website using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and run it on our own machine. However, if we wanted the website to be accessible to the entire world, we needed a public IP address. To make the website accessible 24/7, we needed a server with good hardware and software, which required a large investment.

The Problems with Traditional Server Management

One of the biggest problems with traditional server management is that it is expensive to set up and maintain. Additionally, if there is a power outage or other issues, the website can go down. This is a huge problem for businesses as they lose potential revenue. Additionally, if there is a surge in traffic, the server may not be able to handle the load, leading to crashes and other issues.

Solutions Provided by Cloud Computing

Cloud computing solves these problems by providing a cost-effective solution to server management. Instead of buying and maintaining servers, businesses can now pay a service provider to handle the servers for them. This eliminates the need for large upfront investments and reduces the risk of downtime. Additionally, cloud computing providers can scale their resources up or down based on demand, ensuring that websites can handle traffic surges without crashing.

What are the common operating system problems? Suggest and provide details of some trouble
shooting tools that can be used. List 5 problems and 5 solutions to fix them.