Please define the following Key Terms.

1 Probability

2 Ego

3 Informed consent

4 Validity

5 correlation

6 Longitudinal study

7 Volunteer Bias

8 Abstinence

9 Theory

10 Genital stage

11 Participation observation

12 100% sampling

13 confidentiality

14 Self-actualization

15 Reliability

16 Superego

17 Random sampling

18 Response rate

19 Sexual Pathology

20 Interview bias

21 Case study

22 Dependent variable

23 Correlation

24 Sample of convenience

25 Gender bias

26 Libido

4. Suppose a random variable X can take n distinct values , I2,M. Let f, be the probability that X will come out as r,. Information-theoretic (or statistical) entropy S is defined as and can be used to assign probabilities fi on the basis of known information on the variable X. The "maximum entropy principle (MEP)" states that the least-biased set of probabil- ities are those that maximize the statistical entropy subject to the constraints imposed by the available information. As an illustration of MEP to assign probabilities, consider the following problem: Upon throwing an "honest" die, each of the six faces is equally probable, and the average of the numbers on the "up side" on a large number of throws would be 3.5. Suppose we have an unbalanced die for which the average of the numbers on the "up side" comes out as 4.5 Our task is to assign probabilities to the six faces of this die using Maximum Entropy Prin- ciple. Show that to obtain the least-biased probabilities we will have to solve (numerically) the following equation Identify what z is, and express the desired probabilities in terms of z. (No need, for the purposes of this exercise, to solve this equation. Of course, it would be just great if you are able to find the roots of this polynomial.) Note: Information provided about the die correspond to the following constraints on the probabilities {f.) for the six faces: Σ6-1 fn = 1 and Σ6-inf.-4.5

Styles Consider the following experimental observations for the volume (V) and the mass (m) of a liquid sample. Trial #1:V-1.3mL and mpl 00 g Trial #2: V-1.2 mL, and m-083 g Trial #3: V-11 mL and m=0.95 g Trial #4:V-1.4mL and mr-098 g Trial #5: Vel,2 mL and mr-081g Trial #6 1.1 mL and mr-0.78 g Trial #7: V=1.4mL and m-0.88 g Trial #8: V= 1.3 mL and mi-087 g Trial #9: V. 1.2 mL and m-083 g Trial #10: V= 1.0 mL and in-080 g Given above results, 1-find the mean-value of the density 2- find the standard deviation for the density 3-find the relative standard deviation of the density 4, find the confidence interval of the density, with the confidence level: t-90% -find the confidence interval of the density, with the confidence level t-99% English (United States