Restate the following rules in regular English (or at least, English as spoken by phonol- ogists). Try to use general phonetic descriptions as much as possible. You can suppose English segments and features. (Note: [σstands for the beginning of a syllable, and ]σ stands for the end of a syllable.)

(1) C→[+nasal]/[+syllabic,+nasal]

(2) [+lateral]→[−lateral]/ [σ [+cont]

(3) [V,+high]→[−high]/ [C,−high,−back]

(4) Ø→[ɹ]/V# V

(5) [Dorsal,+back]→[−back]/[+anterior]

(6) V→[αtense]/ C0 [αtense]

(7) C→Ø/CC

Write the following English descriptions of rules using the rule format (e.g., rules like [ +F ] → [ −F ] / #). Use features to describe segments and environments as much as possible. If it’s important for your answer, assume English segments and the corresponding features. (Hint: Suppose the difference between an affricate and a stop is that affricates are post-alveolar and [ +strident ] .)

(1) Laterals delete before a nasal consonant.

(2) Insert a mid front tense vowel between two stops.

(3) Obstruents become voiceless at the end of a word.

(4) At the beginning of words, delete a vowel if there’s another vowel immediately after it.

(5) Nasals become stops if the preceding vowel is nasalized.

(6) Coronal stops become affricates before high front vowels.

(7) All consonants except glides delete if there are two non-glide consonants before them.

(8) A vowel becomes round if there’s another round vowel after it, separated by any number of consonants.