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Read the following article and answer the questions:

Acute Effects of Levosimendan and Dobutamine on QRS in Patients with Heart Failure

SciELO - Brazil - Acute effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on qrs duration in patients with heart failure Acute effects of levosimendan and dobutamine in qrs duration in patients with heart failure

Free article!

DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000143

1. What was it the authors were trying to determine/establish with this study?

2. Did the authors have a hypothesis – if so, what was it. If they didn’t have one, should they? Explain why they should have had one and write a hypothesis. If you think they shouldn’t have had one, explain why

3. What are the key features of the experimental design?

4. Based on the overall design of the experiment and not on the outcome or results, does it seem reasonable (i.e. is what the authors are proposing to do seem fair, practical, based on good judgement) to carry out? Explain

5. Based on the overall design of the experiment and not on the outcome or results, does it seem feasible (i.e. is what the authors are proposing to do seem probable, likely, possible to do) to carry out? Explain.

6. What are the main findings from the experiment? (This does not mean list all the results from the experiment, instead think back to your answer to question 2)

7. Pick one of the results from the article (a table, chart, or figure). Explain what the result is showing and summarize the main points from the result, in your own words.

8. Do you think there was any bias in the experiment? When answering you must address both unintentional* and intentional** as part of your answer and explain how each would lead, or not lead, to bias.
*Unintentional bias such as being limited to the subjects that sign up for your study; **Intentional bias such as one of the researchers being a member of the pharmaceutical company that funded the research.

9.  Name one thing that you liked about the experiment and explain why you liked it. Name one thing you did not like about the experiment and explain why you didn’t like it. Suggest one thing you would do differently and why.    

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Related questions

Which of these is MOST LIKELY to lead to the establishment of a THEORY?

A. a single experiment about the effects of nutrients on fish in an aquarium
B. a well-supported hypothesis, many experiments with a lot of peer review
C. a series of social media posts about the spread of a disease
Overview:
In this assignment you will be using the scientific method to develop your own experiment. You will not be conducting the experiment but you will develop one based on a hypothesis. You will submit a project containing the needed information outlined under the "Project" section.
Background Information:
The scientific method is a process used by scientists to develop experiments and test hypotheses. This process begins by making observations. The next step is to develop a question based on these observations, such as how something works.
 
Based on the question under investigation, a hypothesis is created. A hypothesis should be a prediction of what happens. It is written in an "if, then" format. An is designed to test a specific hypothesis. A scientific experiment should have an independent variable, dependent variable, and a control group. The independent experiment variable is what is changed in the experiment. The dependent variable is what is measured in the experiment.
 
A control group is a group in which the independent variable undergoes no change. The control group in an experiment serves as a baseline to measure the results of the experiment and can be very useful in isolating unknown factors which may influence the dependent variable.
 
Remember that a good experiment includes multiple repetitions for each experimental group.
Once an experiment has been conducted, all of the data collected is analyzed. Scientists look for trends in the data and use statistical analysis to compare all of the experimental groups. This is then compared to the hypothesis to see if the data does or does not support the hypothesis. Through this method scientists draw conclusions about their hypothesis based on whether or not their experiment was successful.
 
Project:
Below are the instructions for each section of the project. For this assignment you will follow the steps of the scientific method and develop your own experiment.
You will need to include all of the following information:
Topic: Start by deciding what you would like to investigate. Your topic may be related to biology, the environment around you, or some other topic you are interested in.
 
Observations: Make a number of observations related to your topic. If the topic you chose isn't something you can observe around you then you may conduct research about your topic and record any noteworthy information. Include a paragraph describing your observations in your final submission.
 
Questions: Using your observations or research, think about your topic and ask some questions. Think about how it works or why it may behave a certain way. Come up with two or three questions about your topic.
 
Hypothesis: Use the questions you came up with to develop your hypothesis. This is a prediction of what you think will happen and should be able to be tested. A hypothesis is written in an "if, then" format. If this happens, then this will happen.
 
Experiment: Once you develop a hypothesis, think of how it could be tested in an experiment. What would you be testing? What would you measure? Remember that you need a control group. The purpose of this group is to serve as a reference that can be used to compare your experimental results to. This gives you something to compare with all the experimental groups and monitor any change. Record all of the following information about your experiment.
Independent Variable: This is what you are changing in the experiment.
Dependent Variable: This is what you are measuring.
Control Group: This is the group unaffected by the independent variable.
Experimental Groups: These are the groups affected by the independent variable and there should be multiple replications for each group.
Submission:
Be creative with how you present your information. This can be done in a list, in a chart, in paragraph form, or another way. Be sure to include your topic, observations, questions, hypothesis, and the details of your experiment. Be descriptive with your language in each section and use correct grammar.

Need someone to answer this and please make sure it’s not coped off of Google

Scientific Method Project
Overview:
In this assignment you will be using the scientific method to develop your own experiment. You will not be conducting the experiment but you will develop one based on a hypothesis. You will submit a project containing the needed information outlined under the "Project" section.
Background Information:
The scientific method is a process used by scientists to develop experiments and test hypotheses. This process begins by making observations. The next step is to develop a question based on these observations, such as how something works.
 
Based on the question under investigation, a hypothesis is created. A hypothesis should be a prediction of what happens. It is written in an "if, then" format. An experiment is designed to test a specific hypothesis. A scientific experiment should have an independent variable, dependent variable, and a control group. The independent variable is what is changed in the experiment. The dependent variable is what is measured in the experiment.
 
A control group is a group in which the independent variable undergoes no change. The control group in an experiment serves as a baseline to measure the results of the experiment and can be very useful in isolating unknown factors which may influence the dependent variable.
 
Remember that a good experiment includes multiple repetitions for each experimental group.
Once an experiment has been conducted, all of the data collected is analyzed. Scientists look for trends in the data and use statistical analysis to compare all of the experimental groups. This is then compared to the hypothesis to see if the data does or does not support the hypothesis. Through this method scientists draw conclusions about their hypothesis based on whether or not their experiment was successful.
 
Project:
Below are the instructions for each section of the project. For this assignment you will follow the steps of the scientific method and develop your own experiment.
You will need to include all of the following information:
Topic: Start by deciding what you would like to investigate. Your topic may be related to biology, the environment around you, or some other topic you are interested in.
 
Observations: Make a number of observations related to your topic. If the topic you chose isn't something you can observe around you then you may conduct research about your topic and record any noteworthy information. Include a paragraph describing your observations in your final submission.
 
Questions: Using your observations or research, think about your topic and ask some questions. Think about how it works or why it may behave a certain way. Come up with two or three questions about your topic.
 
Hypothesis: Use the questions you came up with to develop your hypothesis. This is a prediction of what you think will happen and should be able to be tested. A hypothesis is written in an "if, then" format. If this happens, then this will happen.
 
Experiment: Once you develop a hypothesis, think of how it could be tested in an experiment. What would you be testing? What would you measure? Remember that you need a control group. The purpose of this group is to serve as a reference that can be used to compare your experimental results to. This gives you something to compare with all the experimental groups and monitor any change. Record all of the following information about your experiment.
Independent Variable: This is what you are changing in the experiment.
Dependent Variable: This is what you are measuring.
Control Group: This is the group unaffected by the independent variable.
Experimental Groups: These are the groups affected by the independent variable and there should be multiple replications for each group.
Submission:
Be creative with how you present your information. This can be done in a list, in a chart, in paragraph form, or another way. Be sure to include your topic, observations, questions, hypothesis, and the details of your experiment. Be descriptive with your language in each section and use correct grammar.
 
You will submit a document or presentation with the required information for each part of the scientific method. Label each part and make sure the information is complete. You only need to include the parts of the scientific method included under "Project."
 
Grading Rubric

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