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Part 2: English has a suffix –en that, when attached to verbs, changes the structure of the sentence associated with them. This is called the passive morpheme. The following sentences are the passive equivalents of the sentences in part 1. The bracketed PPs starting with by are optional.

  1. e) The apple was bitten (by John).
  2. f) Louis was forgiven (by Susan).
  3. g) The medal was given to the soldier (by Phillip).
  4. h) The soldier was given the medal (by Phillip).

Describe in your own words what the -en passive suffix does to the theta grids of verbs. Pay careful attention to the last two examples, and to the optionality of the by-phrase. You do NOT have to discuss each sentence. Provide a general statement about passive transformation. 

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Related questions

Change the sentences according to the direction:

1. Napoleon Bonaparte was one of the greatest soldiers in France. (Positive)
2. He was more courageous than most other soldiers. (Superlative)
3. He fought several wars with the neighbouring countries and won victory over them. (Passive)
4. He was very courageous. (Negative)
5. He grew very powerful and soon became the greatest man of the country. (Exclamatory)
6. In 1804, he proclaimed himself the emperor. (Passive)
7. This courage helped him to reach to the high position. (Passive)
8. France under him was very powerful. (Exclamatory)
9. He was only 52. (Negative)
10. He will be remembered forever. (Active)

Which answer below, using the subordinate conjunction "although" correctly combines and punctuates these two sentences:
The monarch butterfly flies 2,000 miles to the home of its ancestors. It has never been there before.
A. A monarch flies 2,000 miles to the home of its ancestors, although it has never been there before.
B. Although it has never been there before a monarch flies 2,000 miles to its ancestors.
C. Although, it has never been there before a monarch flies 2,000 miles to its ancestors.
 
Guidelines for Using Subordinate Conjunctions:
Using a subordinate conjunction creates a\} "dependent clause" that must be joined to an, Independent clause.
- Example: I went to the football game. I saw my' friends there.
- When I went to the football game, I saw my friends there.
Examples of Subordinate Conjunctions:
after, although, as, because, before, but that, even if, even though, how, if, in order that, lest, no matter, once, provided that, rather than, since, so that, supposing, though, till, unless, until, what, when, Whenever, where, whereas, wherever whether, while
Punctuating Dependent Clauses:
1. If a dependent clause comes at the beginning of a sentence, you need a comma after it.
- Example: I will finish eating. I will do my homework.
- After I finish eating, I will do my homework. (The dependent clause is at] the beginning of the sentence, followed by a comma. )
2. If a dependent clause comes at the end of a sentence, you generally do not need a comma.
- Example: I will finish eating. I will do my homework.
- I will do my homework after I finish eating. (The dependent clause is at the end of the sentence. No comma is needed before the dependent clause.)
3. Exception: If a dependent clause comes at the end of a sentence and expresses a contrast or a concession, you need a comma before the dependent clause.
- Example: Some people like soccer. Others prefer basketball.
- Some people like soccer, while others prefer basketball. (The sentence contrasts two things and the dependent clause is at the end of the sentence; a comma is needed)
- Example: He decided not to go. He said he would go with us.
- He decided not to go, even though he said he would go with us. (The sentence) is a concession which concedes some fact or supposition despite the assertion in the main clause. The dependent clause is at the end of the sentence; a comma is needed)
- Exceptions like these often include subordinate conjunctions like although, even though, though, whereas, and while (when) it means whereas).
 

               Persuasive Essay
          Research and Citations

Example #1

These devices also provide ample opportunity for cheating, which is counter productive to learning. In fact, "more than one third of teens with cellphones admit to having stored information on them to look at during a test or texting friends about answers, a new study finds" (Miners).

 

What type of citation is used in Example #1 of this persuasive essay?

A. Works Cited citation - the entire source information is listed

B. In-text citation with the citation as part of the sentence

C. In-text parenthetical citation with the citation in parenthesis at the end of the sentence.

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