biswajita045

biswajita045

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biswajita045Netaji Subhas Open University

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Answer: Step-by-step explanation:Part 1: Car A is 257.4 km from school 3.3 hrs...

009 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

A car starts from rest andtravels for 5.8 s

with a uniform accelerationof −3.4m/s2.

a) What is the final velocity ofthe car?

Answer in units ofm/s.

010 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

b) How far does the car travelin this time

interval?

Answer in units of m.

011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

A driver of a car traveling at17.2 m/s applies

the brakes, causing a uniformacceleration of

−3.0 m/s2.

a) How long does it take the carto acceler-

ate to a final speed of 12.0m/s?

Answer in units of s.

012 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

b) How far has the car movedduring the

braking period?

Answer in units of m.

013 10.0 points

A baby sitter pushing a strollerstarts from

rest and accelerates uniformlyat a rate of

0.703 m/s2.

What is the velocity of thestroller after it

has traveled 6.24 m?

Answer in units of m/s.

014 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

A car accelerates uniformly in astraight line

from rest at the rate of 2.5m/s2.

a) What is the speed of the carafter it has

traveled 66 m?

Answer in units ofm/s.

015 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

b) How long does it take the carto travel 66

m?

Answer in units of s.

016 10.0 points

A certain car is capable ofaccelerating at a

uniform rate of 0.80m/s2.

What is themagnitude of thecar’s displace-

ment as it accelerates uniformlyfrom a speed

of 77 km/h to one of 97km/h?

Answer in units of m.

017 10.0 points

An aircraft has a lift off speedof 120 km/h.

What minimum uniformacceleration does

this require if the aircraft isto be airborne

after a takeoff run of 340m?

Answer in units of m/s2.

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This Is a Chemical Engineering question but that isnt among the subjects

Problem 4.39 Felder and Rouseeau Elementary Principles Of Chemical Processes 4th Edition

The hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries of females and elsewhere in the body in men and post-menopausal women, and it is also administered in estrogen replacement therapy, a common treatment for women who have undergone a hysterectomy. Unfortunately, it also binds to estrogen receptors in breast tissue and can activate cells to become cancerous. Tamoxifen is a drug that also binds to estrogen receptors but does not activate cells, in effect blocking the receptors from access to estrogen and inhibiting the growth of breast-cancer cells. Tamoxifen is administered in tablet form. In the manufacturing process, a finely ground powder contains tamoxifen (tam) and two inactive fillers—lactose monohydrate (lac) and corn starch (cs). The powder is mixed with a second stream containing water and suspended solid particles of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) binder, which keeps the tablets from easily crumbling. The slurry leaving the mixer goes to a dryer, in which 94.2% of the water fed to the process is vaporized. The wet powder leaving the dryer contains 8.80 wt% tam, 66.8% lac, 21.4% cs, 2.00% pvp, and 1.00% water. After some additional processing, the powder is molded into tablets. To produce a hundred thousand tablets, 17.13 kg of wet powder is required. (a) Taking a basis of 100,000 tablets produced, draw and label a process flowchart, labeling masses of individual components rather than total masses and component mass fractions. It is unnecessary to label the stream between the mixer and the dryer. Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis of the overall two-unit process. (b) Calculate the masses and compositions of the streams that must enter the mixer to make 100,000 tablets. (c) Why was it unnecessary to label the stream between the mixer and the dryer? Under what circumstances would it have been necessary? (d) Go back to the flowchart of Part a. Without using the mass of the wet powder (17.13 kg) or any of the results from Part b in your calculations, determine the mass fractions of the stream components in the powder fed to the mixer and verify that they match your solution to Part b. (Hint: Take a basis of 100 kg of wet powder.) (e) Suppose a student does Part d before Part b, and re-labels the powder feed to the mixer on the flowchart of Part a with an unknown total mass (m1) and the three now known mole fractions. (Sketch the resulting flowchart.) The student then does a degree-of-freedom analysis, counts four unknowns (the masses of the powder, pvp, and water fed to the mixer, and the mass of water evaporated in the dryer), and six equations (five material balances for five species and the percentage evaporation), for a net of −2 degrees of freedom. Since there are more equations than unknowns, it should not be possible to get a unique solution for the four unknowns. Nevertheless, the student writes four equations, solves for the four unknowns, and verifies that all of the balance equations are satisfied. There must have been a mistake in the degree-of-freedom calculation. What was it?

Answer: Step-by-step explanation: Estrogen Production, Tamoxifen Process (a) P...

Chemical Engineering Questions

Question 1

Tamoxifen is a drug that inhibits the growth of breast-cancer cells and is administered in tablet form. In the manufacturing process, a finely ground powder contains tamoxifen (TAM) and two inactive fillers—lactose monohydrate (LAC) and corn starch (CS). The powder is mixed with a stream containing dilute suspended solid particles of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binder in water. The PVP binder keeps the tablets from easily crumbling. The slurry leaving the mixer goes to a dryer, in which 94.2% of the water fed into the process is vaporized. The wet powder leaving the dryer contains 8.80 wt% TAM, 66.8% LAC, 21.4% CS, 2.00% PVP, and 1.00% water. The wet solid is moulded into tablets, whereas the water vapour leaving the drier is condensed and recycled to be mixed a concentrated mixture of PVP-water suspension to make the stream of dilute PVP-water suspension used in the process. To produce a hundred thousand tablets, 17.13 kg of wet powder is required.

a) Taking a basis of 100,000 tablets produced/min, draw and label a block flow diagram, labelling mass flow rates of individual components.

b) Carry out a degree-of-freedom analysis of the overall process.

c) Calculate the mass flow rates and compositions of the streams that must enter the mixer to make 100,000 tablets/min.

d) Calculate the mass flow rate and composition of concentrated suspension of PVP-water mixture.

e) In part (a) was it necessary to label the stream between the mixer and the dryer? Under what circumstances will it be necessary?

f) Taking a basis of 100 kg/min of wet powder determine the mass fractions of the stream components in the powder fed to the mixer and verify that they match your solution to Part (c). (NOTE: this is to independently validate your answers)

g) Suppose you did Part (f) before Part (c), and re-labelled the powder feed to the mixer on the flowchart of Part (a) with an unknown total mass flow rate ( ̇m1 ) and the three now known mass fractions. (Sketch the resulting flowchart.) Do a degree-of-freedom analysis again and compare the similarities and differences with the DOF analysis in Part (b).

Question 2

Acrolein (C3H4O) is a specialty chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of acrylic acid (C3H4O2) and the synthesis of methionine, an essential amino acid. It is generated via the catalytic oxidation of propylene with air in the presence of steam at a temperature in the range 350–450°C.

C3H6(g) + O2(g) --> C3H4O (g) + H2O (g)

C3H6(g) + 3/2 O2(g) --> C3H4O2 (g) + H2O (g)

The molar ratios of propylene to oxygen to steam in the fresh feed to the reactor are 10:20:6.5. The fresh feed is mixed with a recycle stream from the condenser to make up the reactor feed stream. To meet the stoichiometric requirements of the process and remain outside of the flammable zone, the oxygen concentration entering the reactor is maintained at 14.0 mole%. Complete conversion of propylene is achieved in the reactor and for every mole of acrylic acid produced, 9 moles of acrolein is produced. The reactor products are sent to an absorber where liquid water recycled from the distillation column is added to absorb the acrylic acid. The liquid product stream leaving the absorber contains all the acrylic acid and half of the water entering the absorber. The vapour stream leaving the absorber contains all of the acrolein, oxygen and nitrogen entering the absorber and the remaining water vapour. The vapour stream is sent to a condenser where all the water vapour and acrolein is condensed, and oxygen and nitrogen leave as the overhead product. A fraction (Zp) of the condenser overhead stream is purged whereas the rest is recycled to be mixed with the fresh feed stream. The condensate from the condenser is sent to a distillation column where the overhead product contains essentially all of the acrolein entering the column. The overhead product contains 97 mol% acrolein and 3 mol% water. The bottoms product is essentially pure water and is recycled to the absorber.

(a) Draw and label a block flow diagram for the process described in this problem.

(b) Taking a basis of 100 kmol/h of fresh feed stream, calculate the molar flow rates and compositions of the purge stream, acrolein product stream and acrylic acid product stream.

(c) Calculate the fraction of the condenser overhead stream that is purged (Zp).

(d) Calculate the rate of liquid water recycled from the distillation column into the absorber.

(e) In your own words describe the function of each operation in this process and some of the assumptions that may have been made to simplify the mass balances compared to the real world operation.

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