nicolaidoscope

nicolaidoscope

Lv10

Tarlac State University

1 Follower
0 Following
8 Helped
[USER IS OFFLINE] If you have any questions, feel free to ask.

ANSWERS

Published768

Subjects

Architecture61Project Management4History30Law7Music69English209Philosophy3Anthropology122Business5Marketing6Science4Mechanical Engineering2Sociology10Nursing4Psychology18Communications4Ethics14Information Technology2Algebra19Engineering1Geometry2Computer Science27Accounting7Calculus7Biology50Mathematics21Statistics4Physics9Finance8Economics8Chemistry31
Unfortunately, I cannot provide an accurate answer to your question as the amo...
a) To determine the price at which the manager would commit to purchasing the ...
To determine the excess reactant and excess mass, you need to know the balance...
In conclusion, Immanuel Kant's philosophy of the categorical imperative is sup...
Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy is centered around the principle of individua...
! Definition of Law: Law can be defined as a set of rules and regulations that...
B. It is the last chance to get the reader to understand your main point. The ...
The collection of all sample proportions of samples of size 137 is distributed...
Thesis: The academic success of a student is greatly impacted by the interconn...
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicl...
To calculate the percent difference between the measured VC (Vital Capacity) a...
a) To calculate the MTBF for each device, we can use the following formula: MT...
Followership is an important aspect of effective leadership and is often overl...
To find the missing properties of T, P, s, and x for water, we need to use a t...
Using concrete language in speeches and feedback is important for several reas...

Introduction: you’ll construct materials for an experiment, following the principles of experimental design in Gries 

Ditransitive verbs are verbs that appear with two VP-internal arguments. One argument is called the Theme. The Theme is the argument that moves or changes possession in the event described by the verb. The other argument is the Goal. The Goal argument describes where the Theme argument moves to or who gains possession of the Theme at the end of the event. (These are illustrated in (1).)

Many ditransitive verbs in English alternate—that is, appear differently in different syntactic contexts. Give, for instance, has an alternation where its Theme and Goal can appear as an NP and PP, as in (1-a), or as an NP and another NP, as in (1-b). (Some terminology: the PP in the former example is called the indirect object, while the second type of example is sometimes called the double object construction.)

(1) a. She gave a book to the librarian.                      (NP + PP)

b. She gave the library a book.                                  (NP + NP)



This alternation is not always available, though. For instance, (2) and (3) are both pretty odd sounding to native English speakers.

(2) a. I mailed a book to Japan.


b. ??I mailed Japan a book.

(3) a. Bugs give me the creeps.


b. ??Bugs give the creeps to me.

 

 



Task: you’ll design an acceptability judgment experiment to test aspects that determine when this alternation is acceptable, by looking at the interaction of construction type (syntactic position of Goal and Theme NPs) and definiteness of the Theme NP.

You’ll construct your stimuli with two variables in mind:

• Construction: Two levels, NP+PP and NP+NP.

• Definiteness: Definiteness of the Theme argument, with the levels Definite and Indefinite.

Note: In English, a definite NP uses the as the article, while an indefinite NP uses a (or nothing) as the article.

It’s not relevant for the task, but the dependent variable is Acceptability, on a 6 point scale.

Here’s a schematized token set, illustrating what you are creating:

                                           Construction: NP PP            Construction: NP NP

Definiteness: Definite          V the-NP to NP                        V a-NP to NP


 Definiteness: Indefinite       V NP the-NP                             V NP a-NP


Table 1: Schematized token set for Construction × Definiteness.

 

 


To illustrate more concretely, suppose you constructed a set of example stimuli using give. You might build the following set of stimuli which vary both by construction type and by definiteness of the Goal.

(4) NP+PP

a. The boy gave the chocolate to the girl. (Definite)

b. The boy gave a chocolate to the girl.  (Indefinite)



(5) NP+NP

a. The boy gave the girl the chocolate.  (Definite) 

b. The boy gave the girl a chocolate.  (Indefinite)

Or, in the table format:

                                          NP PP                                                              NP NP

 Definite     The boy gave the chocolate to the girl.          (The boy gave a chocolate to the girl.  NP NP)

 


 Indefinite   The boy gave the girl the chocolate.                 (The boy gave the girl a chocolate. NP NP)

Table 2: Concrete token set for Construction × Definiteness.

 

 

Part A: You are a research assistant for a professor, and are helping them make materials for an experiment. Create twelve concrete token sets total that follow the schema above. These are the crucial sentences that would be shown to a participant in the experiment.

1. List your 12 concrete token sets. Give a label to each concrete token set (e.g. “A”, “B”, etc).

2. Describe any extraneous linguistic variables you took into consideration when you chose your experimental items. What possible language-related confounds did you try to control for in your sentences, and how? Be specific.

2 Part B: Suppose the professor you work for has decided that a between-subjects design is appropriate for this experiment.

1. How many lists of stimuli for the experiment would you have to create in order to use a between-subjects design? Briefly explain your reasoning.

2. At a minimum, how many fillers do there need to be in each stimuli list? Create enough fillers for one list.

3. Discuss the considerations you paid attention to while constructing your fillers.

Part C: Now suppose the professor you’re working for has changed their mind, and decided it’s better to use a within-subjects design for the experiment.

1. How many lists of stimuli would you have to create in order to use a within-subjects design? Briefly explain your reasoning. (Don’t worry about counterbalancing in the answer to this question.)

2. Create one of the stimuli lists for the experiment. Your list should be pseudorandomized and follow the principles Gries. The list should include the experimental sentences from Part A, and an appropriate amount of fillers from Part B. If you discover you need more fillers for your list, create them.

3. Save your list as a comma-separated file or tab-separated file. You should have the columns Sentence (the sentence you are presenting), Definiteness (the definiteness of the sentence, e.g. definite or indefinite), Type (the type of construction, NPNP or NPPP), and TokenSet (the label of the token set the sentence came from). If the sentence is a filler, leave Definiteness and Type blank, and put Filler as the TokenSet.

You’ll wind up with a CSV or TSV that’s structured similar to this:

                                                            …………


Sentence                                                    Definiteness  Type    TokenSet

The boy gave the chocolate to the girl.     Definite        NPPP         A

The boy gave a chocolate to the girl.      Indefinite        NPPP         A

The girl saw the boy in the hall.                                                        Filler

The boy gave the girl the chocolate.         Definite            NPNP      A

The teacher met the student after lunch.                                        Filler

The boy gave the girl a chocolate.           Indefinite           NPNP       A

                                                              …………

Part A: Here are twelve concrete token sets: Set A: NP+PP, Definite, "The scie...
Gratitude is an essential aspect of leading a fulfilling and happy life. It al...
There were several reasons why New England's most powerful Native American gro...
The Indian-white conflict was marked by a high degree of bloodiness and violen...
It's difficult to provide a specific answer to this question without more cont...
The British royal government imposed the Navigation Acts on American colonists...
The period of "salutary neglect" in the British Empire was characterized by a ...
The British royal government authorized English ships and sailors to carry goo...
The Navigation Acts, which were a series of laws passed by the British Parliam...
Without knowing specifically which laws are being referred to, it is difficult...
Pontiac was a prominent leader of the Ottawa people who led an uprising agains...
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and price index concepts can be complex and techn...
Counter arguments are important in argumentative or persuasive essays because ...
I believe that it is important to present a well-researched and well-supported...
In finance, the forward rate is the expected future spot rate at a specific po...
Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that involves the us...
A concerto is a large-scale work in several movements for a solo instrument (o...
A concerto is a musical composition typically composed in three movements (fas...
One of the most characteristic features of Baroque music is its use of ornamen...
a) To find the nearest neighbors of user 1 for k=2 using Pearson Correlation C...
In music, a slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo is known as rubat...
I'm sorry, but you haven't provided an excerpt for me to evaluate. Please prov...
Duration refers to the length of time something lasts or the amount of time it...
That is correct. Dissonance and resolution, which are key features of traditio...
The notes on the bass clef staff (also called F clef) are: The first line from...

Weekly leaderboard

Start filling in the gaps now
Log in