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A staircase light is controlled by two switches, one at the top of the stairs & another at the bottom of the stairs.
a) make a truth table for this system.
b) write the logic equation in SOP form.
c) realize the circuit using AND-OR gates.
d) realize the circuit using NAND gates only.

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Vikas
VikasLv10
25 Feb 2021

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Related textbook solutions

Physics: Principles with Applications
7th Edition, 2013
Giancoli
ISBN: 9780321625922

Related questions

In a circuit containing only resistors, the basic (though notnecessarily explicit) assumption is that the current reaches itssteady-state value instantly. This is not the case for a circuitcontaining inductors. Due to a fundamental property of an inductorto mitigate any "externally imposed" change in current, the currentin such a circuit changes gradually when a switch is closed oropened.
Consider a series circuit containing a resistor of resistance andan inductor of inductance connected to a source of emf andnegligible internal resistance. The wires (including the ones thatmake up the inductor) are also assumed to have negligibleresistance.
Let us start by analyzing the process that takes place after switchis closed (switch remains open). In our further analysis, lowercaseletters will denote the instantaneous values of various quantities,whereas capital letters will denote the maximum values of therespective quantities.
Note that at any time during the process, Kirchhoff's loop ruleholds and is, indeed, helpful:
.
Part A
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the current in thecircuit?
Hint A.1
How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part B
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the voltage acrossthe resistor?
Hint B.1
Ohm's law
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part C
Immediately after the switch is closed, what is the voltage acrossthe inductor?
Hint C.1
A formula for voltage across an inductor
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:

zero
Answer not displayed
Part D
Shortly after the switch is closed, what is the direction of thecurrent in the circuit?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
There is no current because the inductor does not allow the currentto increase from its initial zero value.
Answer not displayed
Part E
Shortly after the switch is closed, what is the direction of theinduced EMF in the inductor?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
There is no induced EMF because the initial value of the current iszero.
Answer not displayed
Part F
Eventually, the process approaches a steady state. What is thecurrent in the circuit in the steady state?
ANSWER:





Answer not displayed
Part G
What is the voltage across the inductor in the steady state?
Hint G.1
Induced EMF and current
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
zero




Answer not displayed
Part H
What is the voltage across the resistor in the steady state?
ANSWER:
zero




Answer not displayed
Part I
Now that we have a feel for the state of the circuit in its steadystate, let us obtain the expression for the current in the circuitas a function of time. Note that we can use the loop rule (goingaround counterclockwise):
.
Note as well that and . Using these equations, we can get, aftersome rearranging of the variables and making the subsitution,
.
Integrating both sides of this equation yields
.
Use this last expression to obtain an expression for . Rememberthat and that .
Express your answer in terms of , , and . You may or may not needall these variables. Use the notation exp(x) for .
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Part J
Just as in the case of R-C circuits, the steady state here is neveractually reached: The exponential functions approach their limitsasymptotically as . However, it usually does not take very long forthe value of to get very close to its presumed limiting value. Thenext several questions illustrate this point.
Note that the quantity has dimensions of time and is called thetime constant (you may recall similar terminology applied to R-Ccircuits). The time constant is often denoted by . Using , one canwrite the expression

as
.
Find the ratio of the current at time to the maximum current.
Express your answer numerically, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Part K
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue.
Express your answer numerically, in units of . Use threesignificant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed

Part L
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue. Assume that ohms and millihenrys.
Express your answer in seconds, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
seconds
Part M
Find the time it takes the current to reach 99.999% of its maximumvalue. Assume that ohms and henrys.
Express your answer in seconds, using three significantfigures.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
seconds
Part N
What fraction of the maximum value will be reached by the currentone minute after the switch is closed? Again, assume that ohms andhenrys.
Use three significant figures in your answer.
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed
Now consider a different situation. After switch has been closedfor a long time, it is opened; simultaneously, switch is closed, asshown in the figure. This effectively removes the battery from thecircuit.
The questions below refer to the time immediately after switch isopened and switch is closed.
Part O
What is the direction of the current in the circuit?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
The current is zero because there is no EMF in the circuit.
Answer not displayed
Part P
What is happening to the magnitude of the current?
ANSWER:
The current is increasing.
The current is decreasing.
The current remains constant.
Answer not displayed
Part Q
What is the direction of the EMF in the inductor?
ANSWER:
clockwise
counterclockwise
The EMF is zero because the current is zero.
The EMF is zero because the current is constant.
Answer not displayed
Part R
Which end of the inductor has higher voltage (i.e., to which end ofthe inductor should the positive terminal of a voltmeter beconnected in order to yield a positive reading)?
Hint R.1
How to approach the problem
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
left
right
The potentials of both ends are the same.
The answer depends on the magnitude of the time constant.
Answer not displayed
Part S
For this circuit, Kirchhoff's loop rule gives
.
Note that , since the current is decreasing. Use this equation toobtain an expression for .
Hint S.1
Initial and final conditions
Hint not displayed
Hint S.2
Let us cheat a bit
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in terms of , , and . Use exp(x) for .
ANSWER:
=
Answer not displayed

I have written my answers in for the one i may of understood!Any help would be great even explanation on how to dothe parts....PLEASE HELP THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!

B. One can purchase so-called Ceramic speakers which haveavibrating ceramic instead
of a coil-driven cone to produce sound waves. These arecapableof producing
frequencies well above the range of human hearing and, infactare used for sonar and
ultrasound applications. The disks used have aconductivecoating applied to either side
of the disk and the ceramic material reacts to anappliedvoltage by contracting or
expanding by an amount proportional to the voltage.Thesedevices are capacitive rather
than inductive.
1. Write the expression for the impedance of such a speakerinterms of the resistance
and capacitance.

2. Find an expression for the frequency ω at whichtheresistance equals the reactance of
the ceramic speaker, in terms of R and C.

3. With R = 8Ω and C = .25μF, calculate thefrequency ω, withunits, that will give R =
XC .

4. Using ωo for the frequency you calculated in 3,calculatethe total impedance, Z, for
the following frequencies and plot the results on the logplotprovided.

Table
ω/ ωo 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104
Xc
Z

6. Locate your answer for part (2) on the plot. What featureofthe plot corresponds to
that answer? [4 points]
7. Describe how to quickly sketch this log-log plot for anRCcircuit with only one
calculation, based on your answer to (6). [5 points]
Impedance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
log(omega)
log(Z)
8. Using the same resistance of 8Ω, what value fortheinductance in an LR circuit would
give XL = 8Ω at the same ωo value calculated in 3?
9. Using ωo for the frequency you calculated in 3,calculatethe total impedance, Z, of the
LR circuit for the following frequencies and plot theresultson the log plot provided.


Table
ω/ ωo 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104
XL
Z


You are a student in a science class that is using the followingapparatus to determine the value of g. Two photogates are used.(Note: You may be familiar with photogates in everyday living. Yousee them in the doorways of some stores. They are designed to ringa bell when someone interrupts the beam while walking through thedoor.) One photogate is located at the edge of a 1.00-m-high tableand the second photogate is located on the floor directly below thefirst photogate. You are told to drop a marble through these gates,releasing it from rest at the same height as the table. The uppergate starts a timer as the ball passes through it. The secondphotogate stops the timer when the ball passes through itsbeam.
(a) Prove that the experimental magnitude of free-fall accelerationis given by gexp = (2(Delta)y)/(delta)t)^2, where (delta)y is thevertical distance between the photogates and ?t is the fall time.(Do this on paper. Your instructor may ask you to turn in thiswork.)

(b) For your setup, what value of (delta symbol)t would you expectto measure, assuming gexp is the standard value (9.81 m/s2)?(Answer in seconds)


(c) During the experiment, a slight error is made. Instead oflocating the first photogate even with the top of the table, yournot-so-careful lab partner locates it 0.50 cm lower than the top ofthe table. However, she does manage to properly locate the secondphotogate on the floor directly below the first. What value of gexpwill you and your partner determine? (Answer in m/s^2)


What percentage difference does this represent from the standardvalue of g?

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