The maximum distance from the Earth to the Sun (at aphelion) is , and the distance of the closest approach (at perihelion) is . The Earth’s orbital speed at perihelion is . Determine (a) the Earth’s orbital speed at aphelion and the kinetic and potential energies of the Earth-Sun system (b) at perihelion and (c) at aphelion. (d) Is the total energy of the system is constant? Explain. Ignore the effect of the moon and other planets.
