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11 Dec 2019

For fructise and oleate

a. Calculate average change in oxidation number (+ or -) of carbon in each molecule as it is oxidized to carbon dioxide in aerobic respiration.

Fructose Average ÎO.N. of carbon = _______

Oleate Average ÎO.N. of carbon = _

b. Calculate the total change in oxidation number (+ or -) over all carbons in each molecule. (i.e., you are calculating the total change in oxidation state per molecule as it goes onto become carbon dioxide.)

Fructose Total ÎO.N. per molecule = _

OleateTotal ÎO.N. per molecule = _______

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13 Dec 2019

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In respiration, air is inhaled into the lungs, which provide a large surface area for transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water to or from the blood. The transported oxygen is delivered to body cells where it oxidizes glucose and fats from food to produce carbon dioxide, water, and thermal energy. The carbon dioxide and water are transported from the cells to the blood and back to the lungs, from which they are exhaled. The exhaled gas is at body temperature and saturated with water, some produced in the glucose and fat oxidation and some additionally drawn from moist lung tissue. Other water-containing streamsâ food, water, perspiration, and excreted waste streamsâmaintain the bodyâs level of hydration.

Suppose an individual inhales air at 20Â°C and 20% relative humidity, and 25% of the inhaled oxygen is consumed in the glucose oxidation reaction. (Under certain conditions, it is reasonable to neglect the oxidation of fats.) A flowchart of the respirationâmetabolism process is shown below. The water in the exhaled gas equals the inhaled water plus the water produced by glucose oxidation plus additional water drawn from the lungs. Qm represents only the heat transferred to or from the body as a consequence of the phenomena just described; not shown are heat and work transferred due to other bodily processes.

(a) Assume a basis of 1 mol bone-dry air (plus the water that goes with it) inhaled at 20Â°C. Draw and fully label a flowchart of the metabolic process, considering only breathing and glucose oxidation as components of the process. You donât need to label the streams between the two units, since this problem will not require determining their masses or compositions. Do a degree-of-freedom analysis of the overall system.

(b) Suppose all of the water and CO2 produced from the glucose oxidation are transported to the lungs and exhaled, and calculate the masses of all components of all labeled streams.

(c) If the individual inhales an average of 500 mL of air per breath and takes 12 breaths per minute, how much water (fluid ounces) must she drink per day to make up for the water she loses by breathing?

(d) Returning to the original basis, estimate the heat (kJ) transferred to or from the body as a consequence of breathing and glucose oxidation, assuming that the glucose is oxidized at 37Â°C and at that temperature ÎHc= -2816 kJ/mol:

Particle in a box is a model that is often used to look at the spectroscopy of pi electrons in conjugated organic molecules.

Each level of particle in a box has room for 2 electrons. Remember you are only looking at the pi-electrons and you will be calculating for this molecule: [Octatetraene]

a- The highest filled energy level is referred to as the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital). The quantum number that goes with this level is _____________.
b- The lowest unoccupied (no electrons) is referred to as the LUMO (Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital). The quantum number for this level is ____________.
c- To calculate the âlengthâ of the box we will use the average bond length of 1.35 A for each carbon-carbon bond. The total length of the box in meters is___________________
d- Find an expression for the energy difference between your LUMO and HOMO.
e- Using the expression in d. calculate the DE for an electron moving between the HOMO and LUMO for your molecule. (be very careful about units!..no credit for calculation not done in correct units).
f- What part of the electromagnetic spectrum would this transition occur in?

please show your work for all and make sure that your answer is clear enough for reading. Thank you

1.Which of the following is a physical property?

A) ozone reacts with silver to give silver oxide

B) platinum metal does not react with hydrochloric acid

C) the density of lead

E) Sulfur burns in oxygen to form sulfur trioxide

2. Which of the following is a chemical property of gold?

A) is malleable

B) does not react with hydrochloric acid

C) is a good conductor of heat

D) is a good conductor of electricity

3) Which of the following is a physical change?

a) the freezing of water to form ice

B) the inability of gold react with water

C) the burning of paper

D) the sodium metal vigorously with water

E) the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid

4. Which one of the following would be classified as a heterogenous mixture?

A) copper nitrate solution

B) mix of table salt and black pepper

C) Salt water

D)brass

E) a sugar solution

5. Which of the following is a chemical change?

A) the boiling of water to form steam

B) crushing of lump of sulfur into yellow powder

C) the reaction of chlorine gas and sodium to form salt

E) hammering zinc into a thin film

6) An extensive property is

A) independent of the quantity of matter observed

B) difficult to measure

C) always strongly dependent on the external conditions

D) dependent on the quantity of matter observed

E) is a unique value regardless of the measurement conditions

7) Which of the following defines or expresses the concepts of accuracy?

A) average of the data

B) differences between the accepted answer and the average value of the data

C) deviation of the average

D) the closest value to the expected answer

E) reproducibility of a measurement

8) Hydrates are:

A) orgainc compounds that contain oxygen together with usual carbon and hydrogen

B) readily soluble in water and release energy

C) concentrated solutions of salts in water

D) moistyre sensitive hygroscopic inorganic salts

E) compounds in which each formula unit has one or more water molecules associated with it

9) Which of the following is the correct defintion of isomer?

A) Isomers are molecules with the same empirical formula but have different isotopes

B) Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but contain different istotopes.

C) Isomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

D) Isomers are molecules that have the same arrangements of atoms in space but different empirical and molecular formulas

E) Isomes are molecules that have the same empirical formula but different arrangements of atoms in space

10) Most water-soluble compounds of Group 1A or 2A elements are:

A) nonelectrolytes

B) weak electrolyes

C) weak acid

D) strong electrolytes

E) strong acids

11) to precipitate Cd2+(aq) from solution one could add:

A) KI(Aq)

B) NaCl(aq)

C) H2S(aq)

D)HNO3(aq)

E) HCl(aq)

12) Select a statement that best describe the oxidation process

A) in the oxidation process all elements experience an increase in oxidation state

B) in the oxidation process all elements change oxidation state

C) in the oxidation process some elements change their oxidation state

D) in the oxidation process some elements experience oxidation state increase

E) In the oxidation process only oxygen increases its oxidation state.

13. A disproportionation reaction is one in which:

A) the dame substance is oxidized and reduced

B) the equation is not balanced

C) both reactants are reduced

D) water must be added

C) more of one substance reacts than another

14) The energy of molecules of a gas:

A) is the same for all molecules at constant temperture

B) is dependent on concentration

C) increases with an increase in pressure

D) is distributed over a wide rande at constant temperature

E) increase with a decrease in temperture

15. The volume correction term in the van der Waals equation is present because:

A) molecules occupy volume

B) molecules attract each other

C) barometers are inaccurate

D) molecules repel each other

E) molecules are diatomic

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