BIO-224 Chapter : _Chapter 03_ Organic Molecules~
~Chapter 03: Organic Molecules~
~ Carbon is biologically important for life.
~Carbon atom can bond w/ 4 other atoms
~These bonds can be single, double or triple.
~ Bonds w/ oxygen hydrogen, nitrogen & sulfur
~ Can Form Macromolecules (large molecules)
~ Can form Polar or nonpolar bonds
~ Can result in either hydrophobic or hydrophilic
—> Organic Molecules can have functional groups; the groups have specific functions/structures
→ Large molecules are made up of monomers
(monomer + monomer = polymer)
Dehydration reactions join monomers
~ Each molecule gives up atoms to release H2O
-Monomers bind
~ catalyzed by enzymes to speed up reactions
~Polymers can be broken down into monomers
~Hydrolysis reaction: breakdown by the addition of H2O
4 Major classes of organic molecules
~ Protein
~Carbohydrates- sugar/ starches
~lipids
~Nucleic acids
Macromolecule- composed of a repeating subunit
~Includes proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
Carbohydrates: Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen
→Simple sugars have ⅚ carbons
→ Each simple sugar ~C6H12O6
~Different arrangements → isomers
~Monosaccharides join together→ Disaccharides
~Glycoside→ bond joins sugars
~Polysaccharides→ Important for energy storage
~Structure support→ Cell walls
-Chitin→ Exoskeleton of crabs, etc.
~Lipids (fats) → mainly hydrogen and carbon may have some oxygen
~Repel water- Isolute
