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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE Study Guide - Birefringence, Uniaxial Crystal, Nicol Prism

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University of Delhi - DU
Department
Mathematics
Course
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
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Document Summary

It is an optical property where a single ray of unpolarized light enters an anisotropic medium and parts into two beams, each going somewhere unexpected. We can consider twofold refraction the end what partitions into two streets. Here, the end is the anisotropic medium; the individual traveling is the unpolarized light, while the two streets are the two rays, each traveling their ways. Birefringence is described by crystallographic materials with various different recurrence concerning different crystallographic directions. Birefringence happens when light goes through transparent objects ordered by particles, demonstrating a differential difference in reception at refractive indices. The anisotropy in crystals causes this kind of birefringence. Birefringence is brought about by the nuclear plan of the crystal calcite, tourmaline, and different minerals are models. This sort of birefringence is caused by applying pressure to the property. Glass and polymers, for example, exhibit a combination of strain birefringence. Changes in the dispersing of light waves can be utilized to decide birefringence.

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Related Questions

Refraction of Light. It has been observed since ancient times that light refracts, or "bends," as it travels from one medium to another (from air to water, for example). If is the speed of light in one medium and is its speed in another medium, then according to Snell's Law,

where is the angle of incidence and , is the angle of refraction (see the figure). The number is called the index of refraction. The index of refraction for several sub-stances is given in the table. If a ray of light passes through the surface of a lake at an angle of incidence of what is the angle of refraction?

: Total Internal Reflection. When light passes from a moredense to a less-dense medium—from glass to air, for example—the angle of refraction predicted by Snell’s Law (see Exercise 57) can be or larger. In this case the light beam is actually reflected back into the denser medium. This phenomenon, called total internal reflection, is the principle behind fiber optics. Set in Snell’s Law, and solve for to determine the critical angle of incidence at which total internal reflection begins to occur when light passes from glass to air. (Note that the index of refraction from glass to air is the reciprocal of the index from air to glass.)

Rainbows. Rainbows are created when sunlight of different wavelengths (colors) is refracted and reflected in raindrops. The angle of elevation of a rainbow is always the same. It can be shown that, where

and and is the index of refraction of water. Use the given information to find the angle of elevation of a rainbow. [Hint Find then use the key on your calculator to find (For a mathematical explanation of rainbows see Calculus Early Transcendental, 7th Edition, by James Stewart, page 282.)