BIO 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Abo Blood Group System, Punnett Square, Gregor Mendel

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ultramarinetoad99

2 Feb 2017

School

West Chester University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 100

Professor

Pagan

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Document Summary

Genotype : the genetic composition of an individual. Phenotype : the expression of the genotype (appearance, physiology, behavior ) Dominant allele : allele that controls the phenotype. Recessive allele : does not control the phenotype. The pair of alleles for the gene in an individual are the genotype. A homozygous genotype has only one type of allele (either dominant or. A heterozygous genotype has only one type of alleles, produce different versions recessive) of the protein. Heredity : the transmission of traits from one gen. to the next. Parents pass on discrete genes to their offspring. Observed inheritance of traits in garden pea plants. During meiosis, alleles for each locus segregate. Results from homologous chromosomes separation during meiosis. Alleles of different loci distributed randomly into the gamete. Production of new gene combinations not found in parent. If the genes for the two characters were inherited together, then.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?

Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.

Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.

Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.

Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.

QUESTION 3

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?

independent assortment

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?

polygenic inheritance

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:

genotype

a single characteristic

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 9

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?

polygenic inheritance

QUESTION 10

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?

Both the dominant and recessive alleles

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr Ã AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?

codominance

polygenic inheritance

Question 1

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Hh x hh?

		4 x 4
		2 x 2
		2 x 1
		1 x 1

Question 2

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the phenotypes and genotypes possible in their puppies by using a Punnett Square. (provide answers on one line with commas between - xx, xx, xx, xx)

Genotypes: , ,

Phenotypes: ,

Question 3

The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles located at the same spot on the chromosome would be called ___.

		segregation
		independent assortment
		continuous variation
		discontinuous variation

Question 4

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	PP_____________
-A.B.C.	Pp____________
-A.B.C.	pp_______________

A.	purple flowers
B.	purple flowers
C.	white flowers

Question 5

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog has black fur and the male dog is homozygous dominant. Make a Punnett square to determine the chance of getting each genotype and phenotype below.

-A.B.	Probability of GG:
-A.B.	Probability of Gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gray fur:
-A.B.	Probability of black fur:

A.	100
B.	0

Question 6

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	RR______________
-A.B.C.	Rr _____________
-A.B.C.	rr ____________

A.	round seeds
B.	wrinkled seeds
C.	round seeds

Question 7

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Hairy knuckles are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.

-A.B.C.	HH_____________
-A.B.C.	Hh ___________
-A.B.C.	hh _________________

A.	non-hairy knuckles
B.	hairy knuckles
C.	hairy knuckles

Question 8

An allele is ___.

		one of the bases in DNA
		an alternate form of a gene
		another term for epistasis
		present only in males and is responsible for sex determination

Question 9

In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Rr x RR), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring?

		Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant
		Half round, half wrinkled
		All heterozygous
		All round

Question 10

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett Square depicting a dihybrid cross?

		1 x 4
		2 x 4
		4 x 4
		2 x 2

A three point cross was performed using fruit flies. The three loci are physically linked on the same autosome. The d allele, in the homozygous state, results in the recessive âdouble dorsalâ phenotype. Similarly, the r allele results in the recessive âround earsâ phenotype and the e allele in the recessive âendless eyeâ phenotype. In contrast, the D, R, and E alleles encode for the dominant wild type phenotypes at each of these loci.

True breeding (homozygous) flies were crossed to produce F1 offspring. Due to poor book-keeping, the genotypes of the parent flies were not recorded â but one parent fly had one mutant phenotype, while the other parent had the other two mutant phenotypes.

Phenotype Number of F2 Flies

Ears Dorsal Eyes

1) Round ears Double Dorsal Endless Eyes 230

2) Wild-type Wild-type Wild-type 260

3) Round ears Wild-type Wild-type 4,390

4) Wild-type Double Dorsal Endless Eyes 4,100

5) Round ears Double Dorsal Wild-type 15

6) Wild-type Wild-type Endless Eyes 15

7) Round ears Wild-type Endless Eyes 510

8) Wild-type Double Dorsal Wild-type 480

10,000 total

a) What is the phenotype of the F1 flies?

b) What is the genotype of the F1 flies? Your answer should indicate the phase of linkage.

c) What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the original parent flies (previously not recorded)? Your answer should indicate the phase of linkage.

d) Calculate the map distance in cM between each of the three loci and determine the gene order. Show all work for full credit. (6 points)

BIO 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Abo Blood Group System, Punnett Square, Gregor Mendel

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