BIO 365S Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Mantis Shrimp, Otitis Media, Auditory Cortex
Color Vision
–Three kinds of cones respond to different wavelengths.
Have 3 kinds of cones, 1 kind of rods.
Each kind of cone is sensitive to different wavelengths of light.
Color vision is based on the relative intensities of these cones. Color is
what your brain assigns to it. Each species have different numbers of
rods and cones. Each peak on the graph represents a different cone in
different color wavelength.
Hyperspectral marvel (mantis shrimp) has 12 different cones, can
detect the whole range of light. Extraordinary eyes.
Color vision deficiency – missing one type of cone (color blind). Your
orld o’t e oplete lak ad hite, ut ou iss ertai
spectrum.
Need this overlap in visual (if you put a finger somewhere, the image
goes to both eyes unless your finger is in the very peripheral).
Image going through left eye gets analyzed by right visual cortex.
V1, V2, V4, V5 = different areas pick up different visual powers. Only
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complex species require multiple visual areas.
Mechanical = action potential in the auditory system, analyzed early
efore reahed priar auditor orte. That’s h soe aials do’t
need a good visual systems because they can use auditory to catch
prey.
eed air for sound to travel through.
Air particles go into ear, go into ear canal (function is collecting sound,
so if you have bigger ear it works better)
Sound goes into middle ear/ear drum (first response to the sound), and
after this you have occicle (3 parts, creates a huge joint, creating a
pushing movement), and because the surface of ear drum is bigger than
occicle this increases the pressure so even though sound is low, you can
still hear.
Cochlea (inner ear), connected to your outh. That’s h ou a get
iddle ear ifetio as a hild eause head is saller so it’s ore
connected, easier to get infection. As adults, head grows bigger, so
increases the distance between cochlea and mouth.
-transfers sound into action potential.
Organ of Corti – like rods and cones, very small area, transfers
movement into neurotransmitter release then action potential.
Organ of Corti (like the retina with rods and cones) has hair cells,
sandwiched b/w tectorial and basilar membrane, both have liquid so
when sound moves into ear water moves in opposing motion, making
vibration of sound, releasing neurotransmitter.
-Hair cells = push membrane a little bit out, changes the pressure of
the sound to cushion the sound to become less sensitive in loud
environments.
= responsible for the sound.
Hair cells have mechanically gated ion channels. Vibrate, move in one
direction into another direction. Ion channels are connected in string so
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Document Summary
Three kinds of cones respond to different wavelengths. Have 3 kinds of cones, 1 kind of rods. Each kind of cone is sensitive to different wavelengths of light. Color vision is based on the relative intensities of these cones. Color is what your brain assigns to it. Each species have different numbers of rods and cones. Each peak on the graph represents a different cone in different color wavelength. Hyperspectral marvel (mantis shrimp) has 12 different cones, can detect the whole range of light. Color vision deficiency missing one type of cone (color blind). Your (cid:449)orld (cid:449)o(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e (cid:272)o(cid:373)plete (cid:271)la(cid:272)k a(cid:374)d (cid:449)hite, (cid:271)ut (cid:455)ou (cid:373)iss (cid:272)ertai(cid:374) spectrum. Need this overlap in visual (if you put a finger somewhere, the image goes to both eyes unless your finger is in the very peripheral). Image going through left eye gets analyzed by right visual cortex. V1, v2, v4, v5 = different areas pick up different visual powers.
