BIO 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dna Replication, Tubulin, Nucleoid
Document Summary
Cell cy(cid:272)le: a(cid:374) o(cid:396)de(cid:396)ly se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)e of e(cid:448)e(cid:374)ts that des(cid:272)(cid:396)i(cid:271)es the stages of a (cid:272)ell"s life f(cid:396)o(cid:373) the division of a single parent cell to the production of two new daughter cells; highly regulated; involves cell growth and cell division. Ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)e: a (cid:272)ell"s dna: in prokaryotes, one double-stranded dna molecule is in the form of a loop/circle. Dna is found in the nucleoid: plasmids: smaller loops of dna that are not essential for normal growth; can be exchanged between bacteria, transmitting genes (i. e. antibiotic resistance, in eukaryotes, there are multiple double-stranded, linear dna molecules. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. Gametes: egg/sperm; haploid: ex) humans have 23 chromosomes per gamete. Haploid: 1n, 1 complete set of chromosomes: diploid: 2n, 2 complete sets of chromosomes. Genes: the functional units of chromosomes; determine specific characteristics by coding for specific proteins. After dna replication, the chromosomes are composed of two linked sister chromatids, which are connected by a region called the centromere.
