BILD 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Muscidae, Insect, Carl Linnaeus
Document Summary
Ii: phylogeny : evolutionary history of a group of species, branching diagram, shows relationships among taxa, shows patterns of ancestry, use all possible types of data, phylogenetic trees must be inferred, reconstructing the past we didn"t see, hypothesis. In this particular layout, c and d are sister taxa: branching pattern (topology) : informative. Branch length: may or may not be informative, the information on patterns of evolutionary descent is the same regardless of the branch lengths in this example, branch lengths can be scaled to the fossil record. How to read a phylogenetic tree: branch tips can be arranged differently, but these 3 trees are all equivalent to each other. Look for the nodes in relation to the tips: these 2 trees are also equivalent to each other. Categories of taxonomic groupings: monophyletic (clade) - contain common ancestors and all descendents, paraphyletic - contains common ancestor and some but not all descendents, polyphyletic - taxa with different recent ancestor.
