NURS 3220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Somnolence, Peripheral Neuropathy, Kidney Disease
Document Summary
Oral hypoglycemics: biguanides, metformin [glucophage, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones (also known as glitazones, rosiglitazone [avandia, pioglitazone [actos, meglitinides (also known as glinides, repaglinide [prandin, nateglinide [starlix] 3 mechanisms of anti-diabetic agents: decreased resistance to insulin, decreased glucose production by liver. Sulfonylureas: first oral antidiabetics available, promote insulin release, can be used only for type 2 diabetes, major side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain, first generation, second generation, cardiotoxicity, drug interactions. Meglitinides (glinides: repaglinide [prandin, generally well tolerated, adverse effect: hypoglycemia, drug interactions: gemfibrozil [lopid, nateglinide [starlix, pharmacology nearly identical to that of repaglinide. 2 diabetes: adverse effects: generally well tolerated; most common reactions are upper respiratory tract infection, headache, sinusitis, and myalgia, drug interactions. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: act in the intestine to delay absorption of carbohydrates, acarbose [precose] Incretin hormones: suppress appetite, main incretin hormone is glucagon-like peptide 1 (glp-1, controls post-prandial glucose by, promoting glucose dependent insulin secretion, stimulating insulin gene expression, inhibiting glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, reduces b cell apoptosis.
