BIO 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Yeast, Electron Transport Chain, Ethanol Fermentation
6 Sep 2018
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Without o2 to accept electrons, pyruvate cannot be oxidized further. Glucose(6c) + 2 adp + 2 nad+ + 2pi 2 pyruvate (3c) + 2 atp+ 2 nadh+ 2 h+ + 2 h2o. +o2: nadh converted back to nad+ in electron transport system glycolysis and krebs cycle can continue. O2 (not available or anaerobic organism): all nad+ will eventually be consumed glycolysis stops. Alcoholic fermentation: alcoholic fermentation, some anaerobic orgs, some anaero(cid:271)i(cid:272) orgs in a(cid:271)sen(cid:272)e of o2 (cid:894)e. g. (cid:271)rewer"s yeast(cid:895, complete recycling of nad, releases co2. In animal muscles when o2 supply is limited. In some bacteria (yogurt: complete recycling of nad, fate of lactate, converted back of pyruvate when o2 returns, converted to glucose in liver (gluconeogenesis) Glycolysis: oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, nets 2 atp and 2 nadh. Fermentation: nad+ is replenished for glycolysis, product: either ethanol and co2 or lactic acid. Principles of regulation* what do (cid:272)ells do when they don"t.
