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ECON 2002.01 Lecture 15: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand

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azuredolphin418
26 Feb 2019
School
Ohio State University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 2002.01
Professor
Darcy A Hartman

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14

ECON 2002.01 Lecture 14: Economic Growth & Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

15

ECON 2002.01 Lecture 15: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand

16

ECON 2002.01 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Nominal Rigidity, Aggregate Demand, Exchange Rate

Document Summary

We are assuming g is fixed here. Why is ad downward sloping? because more g/s are demanded at lower pi. Wealth effect (c) : pi decreases raises real value of wealth; c increases. Interest rate effect (i) : pi decreases, household saving increases (private. Exchange rate effect (nx) : pi decreases and interest rate decreases, savings); interest rate decreases, firms borrow more, i increases money flows out and money depreciates; g/s are cheaper, x incr. Government policy - taxes increase, ad decreases; government spending increases, ad increases; transfer payments increase, ad increases. Changes in variables relative to other countries (relative growth rates, interest rates, and values of currencies) Shifters that can cause potential output to increase: Upward sloping because of sticky wages and lower prices (takes time for prices and wages to adjust) Expectations of future price level (expect incr. price and costs for them to incr. so the price increases as a result)

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Related Questions

1. Explain how the real balance effect works?

2. How will either the AD curve or SRAS curve shift as a result of each of the following changes:

A rise in the interest rate

An adverse supply shock

A rise in wealth

3. Explain what happens to U.S. net exports and U.S. aggregate demand as the dollar depreciates

4. Explain what happens to aggregate demand in each of the following cases: (a) The interest rate rises; (b) Wealth falls; (c) The dollar depreciates relative to foreign currencies; (d) Households expect lower prices in the future; (e) Business taxes rise.

5. Explain how expectations about future sales will affect investment.

6. Explain how each of the following can affect short-run aggregate supply: (a) An increase in wage rates; (b) A beneficial supply shock; (c) An increase in the productivity of labor; (d) A decrease in the price of a nonlabor resource (such as oil).

(a) An increase in SRAS that is greater than the increase in AD will lead to an increase in Real GDP and a fall in the price level.

(b) A decrease in AD that is greater than the increase in SRAS will lead to a fall in both the Real GDP and the price level.

(c) An increase in SRAS that is less than the increase in AD will lead to an increase in both the

14) Globalization refers to

A) the process of establishing a common world currency.

B) the willingness of individuals within a given country to share knowledge.

C) the process of countries becoming more open to foreign trade and investment.

D) the reduction in growth rates of real GDP per capita as a result of trade with foreign

countries.

15) According to a study by economists Raymond Fisman and Edward Miguel, as the level of corruption in a country increases,

A) so does the number of parking violations by the country's United Nations delegates.

B) so does the size of the country's population.

C) the levels of foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment decrease.

D) the levels of real GDP per capita and real income per capita increase.

16) Which of the following best describes the "wealth effect"?

A) When the price level falls, the real value of household wealth falls.

B) When the price level falls, the nominal value of household wealth falls.

C) When the price level falls, the nominal value of household wealth rises.

D) When the price level falls, the real value of household wealth rises.

17) The "interest rate effect" can be described as an increase in the price level that raises the interest 17) rate and chokes off

A) government spending.

B) government spending and unplanned investment.

C) investment and consumption spending.

D) net exports.

18) Which of the following is one explanation as to why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward?

A) Decreases in the price level raise the interest rate and increase consumer spending.

B) Decreases in the price level raise the interest rate and increase investment spending.

C) Decreases in the U.S. price level relative to the price level in other country's lower net exports.

D) Decreases in the price level to raise real wealth and increase consumer spending.

19) Higher personal income taxes

A) increase in aggregate demand.

B) increase disposable income.

C) decrease aggregate demand.

D) both B and C

20) If the U.S. dollar decreases in value relative to other currencies, how does this affect the aggregate demand curve?

A) This will move the economy up along a stationary aggregate demand curve.

B) This will move the economy down along a stationary aggregate demand curve.

C) This will shift the aggregate demand curve to the left.

D) This will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right.

21) How do lower taxes affect aggregate demand?

A) They increase disposable income, consumption, and aggregate demand.

B) They reduce disposable income, consumption, and aggregate demand.

C) they increase corporate investment and aggregate demand.

D) They increase aggregate supply and thus increase aggregate demand as well.

10.

The long-run aggregate supply curve (LRAS) is Y = Yf, which depends on the amounts of resources and the level of technology innovation. If a country has more resources and better technology, which of the following is true?

A. The LRAS curve will shift to the right.

B. The SRAS will shift to the right.

C. The SRAS will shift to the left.

D. Only A and B.

E. Only A and C.

11.

Suppose the wage rates of workers are based on the expected price level. If there is an unexpected increase in AD, it will cause the actual price level to increase. Then workers should raise their expected price level and negotiate a higher wage rate. Then which of the following is most likely to be true when the expected price increases?

A. The SRAS curve will shift rightward.

B. The SRAS curve will shift leftward.

C. The LRAS curve will shift leftward.

D. Only A and C.

E. Only B and C.

12.

Suppose the economy is in the long-run equilibrium, i.e., Y = Yf, and there is an unexpected decrease in AD. Assume that Yf is fixed, then which of the following is most likely to be true?

A. The SRAS curve will shift to the right toward the new long-run equilibrium.

B. The SRAS curve will shift to the left toward the new long-run equilibrium.

C. In the new long-run equilibrium, price level will be higher.

D. Only A and C.

E. Only B and C.

13.

The short-run (SR) equilibrium is the intersection between AD and SRAS, and long-run (LR) equilibrium is the intersection between AD and LRAS. Every LR equilibrium is a SR equilibrium, but a SR equilibrium is not always the LR equilibrium. If an economy is operating at a SR equilibrium where Y > Yf, which of the following will occur in the process toward the new LR equilibrium when the economy corrects itself?

A. Price increases.

B. Real GDP decreases.

C. Unemployment rate falls.

D. Only A and B.

E. Only B and C.

14.

From the Keynesians, Y = C + I + G + NX can be transformed into a theoretical model. In particular, assume that the consumption C = A + mpc (Y-T), where A is a constant, mpc is the marginal propensity to consume, Y is national income and T is income taxes. Suppose in the goods market equilibrium, aggregate expenditure = national income such that the two Y's will be the same from Y = A + mpc (Y-T) + I + G+ NX. . Suppose C = 400 + 0.75(Y – T). G = 100, I = 100, T = 100, and NX = 150, what is the Y in the goods market equilibrium? (All of the variables are in terms of million dollars)

$ million
Please enter a whole number, with no decimal point.

15.

Continue to assume that C = 400 + 0.75 (Y - 100), I = 100, and NX = 150. But the government now increases spending from 100 to 200, how much is the new Y in the goods market equilibrium?

$ million
Please enter a whole number, with no decimal point.

16.

Continue to assume that C = 400 + 0.75 (Y - 100). Then which of the following is true?

A. The government spending multiplier = 4.

B. The tax multiplier = 3.

C. If the government increases spending by $50 million, and at the same time increases taxes by $50 milion to balance the budget, AD will shift to the right by $50 million.

D. Only A and C.

E. Only B and C.

17.

Suppose the federal government needs to balance the budget, which means that when the government spending increases, taxes must increase equally. In this case, government spending multiplier is called the balanced-budget multiplier, defined as the increase in real GDP/increase in government spending. By following the example from the previous question, how mcuh is the balanced-budget multiplier?


Please enter a whole number, with no decimal point.