PH-UY 1013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Resultant Force, Net Force, Friction

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23 Aug 2016

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Position, velocity, or acceleration may be plotted against time. Time will be on the x axis, the other value will be on the y axis. Be able to find change in a given value over an interval in the other. The slope of the position vs time graph is velocity. The area under the velocity vs time graph is displacement. An average slope over a time interval corresponds to an average velocity. A slope at a point (such as in a tangent line) corresponds to an instantaneous velocity. The slope of the velocity vs time graph is acceleration. If acceleration is constant, the graph of velocity vs time will be a straight line with constant slope, and the graph of position vs time will be a parabola. The area under acceleration vs time is change in velocity: gravity. Ignore air resistance, wind resistance, or drag force. Acceleration due to gravity, or g, is 9. 81 m/s2 in the downwards direction.

Related Questions

1. If the displacement of a particle is decreasing at a constant rate its velocity is constant. True or False

2. Knowing the position and velocity of a particle allows its future position to be predicted even if its acceleration is unknown. True or False

3. Average acceleration and instaneous acceleration are always the same. True or False

4. Instantaneous velocity is the derivative of the displacement time function. True or False

5. The slope of the velocity-time graph is the instantaneous acceleration. True or False

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1.If the velocity of a particle is increasing at a constant rateits mean and instantaneous acceleration are the same.
2. Knowing the position and velocity of a particle allows itsfuture position to be predicted even if its acceleration isunknown.
3. For problems involving constant acceleration the mean andinstantaneous velocity are the same.
4. The slope of the displacement time graph is the instantaneousvelocity.
5. Instaneous velocity is the derivative of the displacement timefunction.

A common graphical representation of motion along a straight line is the v vs. t graph, that is, the graph of (instantaneous) velocity as a function of time. In this graph, time is plotted on the horizontal axis and velocity on the vertical axis. Note that by definition, velocity and acceleration are vector quantities. In straight-line motion, however, these vectors have only a single nonzero component in the direction of motion. Thus, in this problem, we will call the velocity and the acceleration, even though they are really the components of the velocity and acceleration vectors in the direction of motion, respectively. Here is a plot of velocity versus time for a particle that travels along a straight line with a varying velocity. Refer to this plot to answer the following question.

What is the average acceleration of the particle over the first 20.0 seconds?

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PH-UY 1013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Resultant Force, Net Force, Friction

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