BIO 11 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Osteology, Weight-Bearing, Endosteum
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Document Summary
Protection: skeleton protects vital organs such as the brain. Mineral storage and acid-base homeostasis: bone stores minerals such as ca2+ and (po4)3 . Blood cell formation: red bone marrow is the site of blood cell formation. Fat storage: yellow bone marrow stores triglycerides. Movement: muscles produce body movement via their attachment to bones. Support: the skeleton supports the weight of the body. Long - longer than they are wide (humerus, femur) Short - long as its width (carpals, tarsals) Flat - thin and broad (bones of the skull, clavicle, ribs, sternum, pelvis) Irregular - irregular shape (vertebrae and certain skull bones) Sesamoid - round, flats bone found within tendons (patella) Medullary cavity bone marrow filled cavity. Covered with a thin layer of hyaline/articular cartilage. Allows bones to rub together with reduced friction at joints. Epiphyseal lines - remnants of the epiphyseal/growth plate. Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue that is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves.
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lateral medial proximal |
Pelvic Dorsal Thoracic |
sagittal plane parasagittal plane frontal plane |
separates right and leftportions of the body misses the midline,separating right and left portions of unequal size separates anterior andposterior portions of the body |
Cell membrane Plasma membrane Plasmalemma |
oxygen lungs potassium |
lining the ducts thatdrain sweat glands lining kidneytubules lining the stomach at the surface of theskin |
stratum basale stratum granulosum stratum spinosum |
connective tissue muscle tissue neural tissue |
RNA molecule DNA molecule tRNA molecule |
neutral fats phospholipids fat-soluble vitamins |
tissue organ atom |
odor salt nitrates |
impetigo vitiligo ringworm |
Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum basale |
to heat the skin for evaporativecooling to get rid of bodywaste to elevate bodytemperature |
heats has no effect on dries the body |
terminal hair rrrector pili arrector pili |
periostesis mastication cartilage |
blood-formingclots. elastic tissue. Sharpey's fibers. |
epiphysis diaphysis metaphysis lamella |
fontanels lacunae sutures |
coccyx pubis iliac crest |
yellow bone marrow periosteum compact bone marrow |
tarsals metatarsals phalanges |
Inferior ramus Lesser sciaticnotch Superior body |
spinous process pedicles laminae |
nasal bones lacrimal bones maxillary bones |
lateral cuneiform cuboid calcaneus |
The humerus and theclavicle The scapula and theclavicle The humerus and theradius |
syndesmosis symphysis gomphosis |
produce red blood cells(hemopoiesis) provide a smooth surfaceat the ends of synovial joints form the synovialmembrane |
also are calledcollateral ligaments prevent hyperextension ofthe knee assist in defining therange of motion of the leg |
small sacs containingsynovial fluid semilunar cartilagepads tendon sheaths |
It contains lacticacid. It contains hyaluronicacid. It contains hydrochloricacid. |