BIO E121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Neuroglia, Resting Potential, Myelin

10 views2 pages

rubyporpoise450

14 Sep 2020

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Draw a neuron and label each structure and list the functions of each. Carry information to the cell body of a neuron. Carries information away from cell body to either another neuron or an. Consists of parallel axons, dendrites, or both from many neurons. Classified as sensory, motor, or mixed (sensory and motor together) depending on the type of neurons they contain. Found on most axons outside the cns and some of those within the cns. Provides electrical insulation that increases the rate of the conduction of a nerve impulse. Composed of the plasma membranes of glial cells. Describe what a nerve is and its features. A nerve impulse, or action potential, is an electrochemical signal that involves sodium & potassium ions (na+ & k+) that crosses the cell membrane through ion channels. Each ion channel is designed to allow only certain ions to pass through. Ion channels may be permanently open or regulated by a gate.

Related Questions

65. Where is bloodstream PCO2 monitored?

(a) lungs (b) aortic and carotid bodies (c) hypothalamus

66. Is PCO2 measured within the CNS?

(a) no (b) yes, within the brainstem (c) yes, within the hypothalamus

67. Is PO2 measured within the CNS?

(a) no (b) yes, within the brainstem (c) yes, throughout the brain

68. Glomus organs are innervated by sensory neurons. Are these sensory neurons stimulated byneurotransmitters released from Type I glomus cells?

yes or no

69. Does the structure of glomus organs enable direct sampling of arterial blood?

yes or no

70. Glomus organs are innervated by myelinated axons. Such axons are found within cranial nerve pairs IX andX (glossopharyngeal and vagus). Which type of glial cell myelinates axons within these nerve pairs?

(a) oligodendrocyte (b) fibrous astrocyte (c) Schwann cell

71. The sensory neuron axons that innervate glomus organs enter the CNS via the left and right solitary tracts. Where are the bodies of these sensory neurons?

(a) within the glomus organ (b) a ganglion at the base of each nerve (c) within the brainstemâs solitary nuclei

72. The term hypercapnia denotes elevated bloodstream PCO2. This condition induces acidemia, i.e. an arterialpH < 7.4. By convention, the underlying physiological reason (or process) is called acidosis. Consequently,acidemia can arise from either metabolic or respiratory acidosis. Ketogenesis and hypoventilation affordexamples of such processes. If arterial pH reaches 7.0, then CNS depression and coma follow. Acidemia iscountered by an autonomic reflex. Where does central integration occur for this reflex?

(a) sensory cortex (b) brainstem (c)hypothalamus

ceruleantrout633

Which of the following statements is FALSE? (choose one)

A.	Voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels open in the dendrites and cell body during a local, graded potential.

B.	During repolarization, potassium ions are leaving the cell (K+ is diffusing out of the cell), and the inside of the cell becomes more negative

C.	If someone damaged an efferent motor neuron, they could feel pain, but not respond to move away from the pain

D.	Myelin serves as electrical insulation and increases the speed at which an action potential travels along the axon

E.	Movement of ions can be excitatory (if sodium ligand-gated channels bind the neurotransmitter), or inhibitory (if potassium ligand-gated channels bind the neurotransmitter)

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

azureelk922

BIO E121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Neuroglia, Resting Potential, Myelin

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO E121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin, Resting Potential

BIO E121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Myasthenia Gravis, Droopy, Excitatory Synapse

BIO E121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Membrane Protein, Facilitated Diffusion, Exocytosis

Related Questions