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ECON-200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Macroeconomics

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School
Diablo Valley College
Department
Economics
Course
ECON-200
Professor
Sorce

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Document Summary

Positive statements are claims that attempt to describe the world as it is. An example of a positive statement is minimum wage laws create unemployment". Normative statements are claims that attempt to prescribe how the world should be. An example of a normative statement is the minimum wage should be raised". This is subjective and can"t be tested. There will be arguments for and against this proposition. Economists do disagree about facts from time to time. These are disagreements about scientific judgement used in obtaining facts. Normative statements depend on both facts and values. It is in normative areas economists most often disagree (e. g free market economists in the austrian tradition versus keynesian economists) A disagreement about public policy can come about when economists hold different values, such as the appropriate trade-off between equity and efficiency. Consider why an economy"s total income equals its total expenditure. Learn how gross domestic product (gdp) is defined and calculated.

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Related Questions

1. Scarcity in economics means: we do not have sufficient resources to produce all the goods and services we want. the wants of people are limited. there must be poor people in rich countries. shortages exist in nearly all markets. You like to read Vogue and Sports Illustrated. You have only $5 to spend, so you only buy Sports Illustrated. The statement that best represents this economic concept is: resources are scarce. the real cost of something is what you must give up to get it. positive economics explains how the economy actually works. economic models are used to answer “what if” questions. . If the state government allocates additional spending on education, the opportunity cost is: zero. the dollar amount of the additional spending. considered only if additional taxes need to be raised to fund the spending. measured in terms of the best alternative use for that money. For a student that owns his or her own home and doesn't plan to live in the dorm the cost of going to college is: tuition and the cost of housing. tuition, the cost of housing, and the cost of books. tuition, the cost of books, and forgone income. forgone income only. Keynesian economics stressed: the importance of total spending. the self-correcting power of free markets. the long run. that the Depression should run its course to bring down the high cost of living. The economic policy that uses changes in government spending and taxes to affect the overall spending in the economy is known as: a tax-and-spend policy. monetary policy. fiscal policy. free-trade policy. When building a model, economists: simplify reality in order to highlight what really matters. attempt to duplicate reality in all of its complexity. ignore the facts and instead try to determine what the facts should be. are careful to avoid the scientific method. Which is a normative statement? The minimum wage has not kept pace with inflation. The minimum wage is an important tool in fighting poverty and should be increased. The minimum wage can create higher unemployment for teens and unskilled workers. A higher minimum wage is expected to increase the price of a fast-food cheeseburger. Which is an example of a positive statement? The poverty rate should be 4%. A high rate of economic growth is a more important economic goal than a low rate of unemployment. The federal government pays for 46% of U.S. health care costs. Everyone in the country should be covered by national health insurance. Economists may disagree about policies because they: may approach the issue using the same sets of values. may use different economic models. enjoy disagreeing with each other. only consider issues in positive economics.