BIO 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cytoskeleton, Microtubule, Dynein
30 May 2018
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o the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane and the other components of a cellular
membrane
o what a phospholipid is and what it is made of
• 2 fatty acids, organic group, phosphate group, and glycerol
o osmosis, diffusion
o tonicity and osmolarity
o what membrane proteins including transmembrane and peripheral are
• transmembrane
o transporters and carriers
• peripheral
o only on outside or inside of bilayer
o what carriers, channels, and pumps are
• carrier and channels for passive transport
• carrier conformational change
• channel is simple diffusion down gradient
• pumps are active transport
o what translocate means
• move from one place to another
o what a nuclear pore is and what it does
• hole in nuclear membrane allowing for diffusion
o that ribosomal subunits are assembled in the nucleus (specifically, the nucleolus) and then
exported
o that nucleotides are imported
o different types of RNA molecules and their roles (ribosomal and messenger, for now)
• mRNA – dna to ribosome
• rRNA – decodes mRNA
o what the nuclear localization signal is
• amino acid sequence that 'tags' a protein for import into the cell nucleus
o that the endomembrane system is a series of compartments and not all proteins travel within
it, but many do.
o that exocytosis through the secretory pathway is the default movement of proteins
synthesized into the rough ER.
o what the ER signal sequence is and what the signal recognition peptide (SRP) is
• helps code signal
o that transport vesicles are how material is moved through the secretory pathway
o that glycosylation occurs in the ER to help direct a protein’s path and, specifically, that
mannose-6-phosphate is a modification for any given protein that acts as a signal to direct
that M6P-tagged protein to the lysosome
o what endocytosis is, including what phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and autophagy are.
• Endocytosis – bringing macromolecules in
• Phagocytosis – engulf other cells and form phagosome, combine with lysosome to digest
• Autophagy – self eating of damaged organelles, fuses with lysosome
• Pinocytosis – ingestion of liquid into cell by small vesicles
o what vesicles are, what lysosomes and endosomes are
• endosomes are early lysosomes
o selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer and how that is critical for a cell membrane
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