BIOL 118 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Endergonic Reaction, Amylase, Hydrolysis
13 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Simple sugars that vary in 4 ways: locations of carbonyl group: Ketose-found in the middle of the monosaccharide: # of carbons present: triose=3, pentose=5, hexose=6, spatial arrangement of their atoms. Different arrangement of the hydroxyl groups: linear and alternative ring forms. Sugars tend to form ring structures in aqueous solution. Simple sugars polymerize through a condensation reaction between 2 hydroxyl groups resulting in a covalent bond called glycosidic linkage. Glycosidic linkages can form between any two hydroxyl group, and the location and geometry of these bonds vary widely among polysaccharides. Alpha and beta refer to the contrasting orientations of hydroxyls on similar compounds. Starch is a mixture of branched and unbranched a-glucose polymer. Cellulose forms the cell wall, it is a structural polymer in plants. Chitin is a structural polymer found in fungi cell walls, some algae, and many animal exoskeletons. Peptidoglycan is structural support for bacterial cell walls. Form long strands with bonds between adjacent strands.
