BIOL3190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Mendelian Inheritance, Demethylase, Non-Coding Rna

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27 Oct 2017

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Epigenetics can make the cell remember that it is a skin cell due to the genes it expresses the sta(cid:455)i(cid:374)g(cid:374)ess (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:272)ause ge(cid:374)e to (cid:271)e e(cid:454)p(cid:396)essed o(cid:396) (cid:374)ot (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h i(cid:374)flue(cid:374)(cid:272)es the phe(cid:374)ot(cid:455)pe. Epigenetics refers to the inheritance through at least cell division, possibly through generations. A chromatin state is inherited through this relatively long term thing because of some aspect of the way the gene is expressed and packaged in the cell. Chromatin state is the default is that it stays the same after cell division. When we think of genome, we think of base sequence. On top of that we have other types of packaging. C"s (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:373)odified (cid:271)(cid:455) (cid:373)eth(cid:455)latio(cid:374) (cid:894)cg (cid:373)eth(cid:455)latio(cid:374)(cid:895) C(cid:455)tosi(cid:374)es, (cid:449)he(cid:374) the(cid:455) a(cid:396)e (cid:374)e(cid:454)t to g"s (cid:272)a(cid:374) ha(cid:448)e (cid:373)eth(cid:455)l g(cid:396)oups atta(cid:272)hed to the(cid:373) a(cid:374)d a(cid:396)e (cid:272)alled (cid:373)eth(cid:455)l(cid:272)(cid:455)tosi(cid:374)es. Cytosine methylation and histone modification can cause dna to be packaged a certain way. After cell division, the sequence stays the way it is packaged.

Related Questions

Second messengers play an important role in cellcommunication.

Which of the following best describes their role?

		None
		integrate, amplify and distribute messages throughout thecell
		Release messages to other cells?
		Receive information at the cell surface

What is true of disulfide bonds?

	a.	They often occur in the cytosol
	b.	They are a noncovalent bond
	c.	They are formed enzymatically in the ER
	d.	They act as reducing agents
	e.	they increase protein flexibility

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cell communicationmolecule?

		nucleases
		nitric oxide
		hormones
		kinases

What is true of binding pockets?

	a.	They only occur in the membrane
	b.	They occur in unfolded proteins
	c.	They contain electrostatic interactions
	d.	They contain variable amino acids
	e.

What is true of cell signaling?

	a.	Extracellular signals transduced by rectors always alter cellbehavior very quickly
	b.	Some cells require cell signals just to survive
	c.	Cell signals can be interpreted differently by differentcells
	d.	B and C only
	e.	All of the above (A, B and C)

Histone tails can be modified to change the shape and"tightness" of the nucleosomes. Acetylated histones result in whicheffect?

		Open DNA
		increased transcription
		closed DNA
		decreased transcription
		1+2
		1+4
		3+4
		2+3

Shifting the two bound tRNA from the A and P sites to the E andP sites of the ribosome involves:

	a.	The movement of the small ribosome subunit down the mRNAchain
	b.	The degradation of the A site on ribosome
	c.	The synthesis of the E site on the ribosome
	d.	The movement of the large subunit relative to the smallsubunit
	e.	All of the above

Intracellular signaling pathways are awesome! What is the onething they can NOT do?

	a.	relay the signal, to spread it through the cell
	b.	nothing, they can communicate any cellular need
	c.	distribute the signal to more than one effector protein
	d.	integrate the signal from more than one cellular pathway
	e.	Amplify the signal received, making the signal stronger

Specificity of protein/protein and protein/DNA binding isdetermined by what?

		Non-covalent bonds
		Hydrophobic interactions
		Covalent bonds
		shape of the binding site
		all of the above
		none of the above
		1,2,3
		1,2,4
		1,3,4

The coiling structure of the DNA into chromosomes is achieved bywhat?

		alpha helix
		beta pleated sheets
		chaperone proteins
		DNA/Protein complexing

Which regions (s) of the DNA are found in the final protein?

	a.	poly-A tail
	b.	A and B
	c.	Exons
	d.	UTRs
	e.	Introns

Metabolic processes can be turned "on" and "off" by chemicalmodifcation.

Which chemical modification do we associate with changing theactivity of an enzyme in a transient/non-permanent manner?

		Phosphorylation
		Ubiquitination
		Methylation
		Acetylation

DNA hybridization involves attaching a florescent dye towhat?

	a.	Antibody
	b.	Nuclear stain
	c.	Probe DNA
	d.	tRNA
	e.	rRNA

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BIOL3190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Mendelian Inheritance, Demethylase, Non-Coding Rna

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