BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Ribose, Base Pair, Pyrimidine

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ceriserhinoceros44

16 Oct 2017

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Process of transcription does not turn dna into rna, but rather uses a dna strand as a template to create a new rna. Translation - translating between languages (nucleic acids -> amino acids) This process only happens one way - proteins cannot go back and turn into rna, etc. Compaction mechanism to store a lot of dna. Dna wrapped around proteins - histones, so everything. Dna wrapped around proteins - histones, so everything stays ordered. In order to use dna, the dna must be uncoiled from histones. Regions that are undone can then be transcribed (gene = on) Gene = off; gene is not being transcribed, there to be used/transcribed later. Evidence that dna is the carrier of genetic material. * virulent = causes disease i. ii. iii. iv. Dead virulent bacteria (heated) = mouse remains healthy. Dead virulent & life non virulent bacteria = mouse dies of pneumonia. Some nonvirulent bacteria became virulent when mixed with dead virulent.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

How is a bone marrow transplant able to treat someone with leukemia?

		The donor blood contains antibodies that destroy cancer cells
		Donor blood contains stem cells that regenerate cells in the immune system
		Bone marrow contains induced pluripotent stem cells that turn into red blood cells
		Bone marrow contains tumor supressor genes that slow down leukemia growth
		Bone marrow contains pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

1.2 points

QUESTION 2

What would happen if siRNAs designed to target mRNA from an oncogene were introduced into cancer cells?

		Increased genomic instability would result from adding foreign nucleic acids
		New mutations would arise in the oncogene
		The oncogene would be converted back into a proto-oncogene
		The siRNAs would compete with the oncogene's active site
		Production of the oncogene protein would decrease

1.2 points

QUESTION 3

What is the purpose of chromatin-remodeling enzymes in human cells?

		The enzymes control the rate of translation of an mRNA transcript
		The enzymes add phosphate or methyl groups to histone tails
		The enzymes slide nucleosomes farther apart or closer to each other
		The enzymes send damaged proteins to the proteasome for degradation
		The enzymes cause DNA looping to occur

1.2 points

QUESTION 4

If you wanted to resurrect the mammoth, how would you do it?

		Use somatic cell nuclear transfer to insert the mammoth genome into the egg of an elephant
		Use transcription factors to re-program adult cells from elephants into mammoth cells
		Change the gene expression patterns of elephants to increase production of mammoth genes
		Use siRNAs to decrease expression of elephant-specific genes in an elephant embryo

1.2 points

QUESTION 5

How is eukaryotic transcription initiated?

		RNA polymerase is recruited to the start codon by transcription factors
		RNA polymerase begins transcription at the enhancer sequence
		RNA polymerase is activated by binding to GTP
		An initiator tRNA binds to the ribosome
		A complex of proteins forms at the promoter of a gene

BI110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Ribose, Base Pair, Pyrimidine

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