Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Epigenetics, Noncoding Dna, Intron
3 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Genome- the entire collection of dna sequence for a given organism. Your complete genome is not exclusively contained in the nucleus. Also includes dna in the mitochondria 37 henes, 17000 bp. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be free living- through evolution became synthetic with other structures. Ploidy- number of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. Haploid- one set of chromosomes (humans 2n=23) Polyploid human cells : e. x. liver cells (4n, 8n) megakaryocytes (16n-128n) Many crop species are polyploid polyploidy end up making larger crops. Seedless fruit are triploids (3 sets of chrom) Aneuploidy- an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, missing or extra chromosomes (trisomy, monosomy) Genomics study the structure and function of a genime from its dna sequence. Genome size- measured by # of nucleotides inside each chromosome. C-value paradox genome size is not related to its complexity. Majority of your genime does not code for proteins.
