Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Carnitine, Pyrophosphate, Pyruvic Acid

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2 Oct 2016

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Overview of atp production: 95% of the energy we can extract from triacylglycerides come from the ch bonds in the fatty acid chains. Add that to the 27 atp produced through fatty acid oxidation (breaking down the chain into a-coa), and we get a whopping 107 atp from the oxidation of palmitate. & subsequent krebs cycle: compare this to the oxidation of one molecule of glucose, about 30-32 atp. Steps of fatty acid oxidation: fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, because fats are absorbed from bloodstream to there. But (like the krebs cycle), fa oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix we need a way to transport fatty acids across mitochondrial membranes, which first requires activation. The acyl-carnitine complex travels into the intermembrane space through such porins. Fadh2 formed: b) hydration of double bond (water used), forms alcohol, c) dehydrogenation of alcohol forms ketone.

Related Questions

30. In final step of the triacylglycerol biosynthesis, which of the following is added to the diacylglycerol?

A. Acetyl-CoA

B. Phosphatidic acid

C. Fatty acyl-CoA

D. Glycerol-3-P

31. The activation of long chain fatty acids requires which of the following?

A. 2 ATPs

B. 2 ATPs and Co-A

C. 2 ATP, CoA and fatty-acyl CoA

D. 2 ATPs and a fatty acid.

32. What is the metabolic pathway that does not involve succinyl-CoA?

A. Ketone bodies to acetyl CoA

B. Odd chain fatty acid oxidation

C. Even chain fatty acid oxidation

D. TCA cycle

33. In order to break down fatty acids, they are first transported into the mitochondrial matrix by conversion of the fatty acid from a covalent complex with CoA to one with:

A. Citrate.

B. Oxaloacetate.

C. Malate.

D. Carnitine.

E. Pyruvate.

34. Regarding carnitine shuttle, the enzyme translocase involves which of the following pair?

A. Fatty acyl & CoA

B. Fatty acyl-carnitine & carnitine

C. Fatty acyl CoA & carnitine

D. Fatty acyl & carnitine

35. The family of drugs that are called "statins" (e.g. lipitor) are effective at lowering plasma levels of cholesterol because they:

A. slow the rate of cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cell.

B. increase the rate of synthesis of cholesterol inside the cell.

C. inhibit the activity of a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthetic pathway.

D. prevent the synthesis of Mevalonate

35. During the complete catabolism of glucose, CO2 is released during ____ (note: Krebs cycle = citric acid cycle)
A. glycolysis only
B. Krebs cycle only
C. Krebs cycle and oxidation of pyruvate
D. oxidation of pyruvate only
E. Krebs cycle, glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate

36. A reaction center, a primary electron acceptor and many chlorophyll molecules are all components of a/an _________ .
A. fluorescence center
B. photosystem
C. electron transport chain
D. carbon-fixation unit
E. electromagnetic spectrum

37. Which of the following generates the most reducing power?
A. anabolism of isoleucine
B. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
D. citric acid cycle
E. Hobbes reactions

38. After completion of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

A. acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. CO2
E. FADH2

39. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A. all membranes of the chloroplast
B. the stroma
C. the matrix
D. the tonoplast membrane
E. thylakoid membranes

40. When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll primarily absorbs:
A. photons of all wavelengths
B. green light only
C. red light only
D. blue light only
E. red and blue light

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force times distance

Question 48

Soccer (assuming field player) is a sport which is 90% aerobic.

True

False

Question 50

Glucose is necessary for fatty acid oxidation because...

		its derivative, pyruvate, is condensated with carbonic acid to form oxaloacetate, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle
		it is needed to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA which in turn is oxidized to acetyl CoA
		glucose is decarboxylated into cytochrome oxidase which is a necessary intermediate in the citric acid cycle
		its derivative, acetyl CoA, is condensated with carbonic acid to form lactase, which in turn is a necessary carbon compound in the citric acid cycle

Question 51

In aerobic ATP production, the role of oxygen is to...

		to keep the electron transport chain operational
		to accept electrons from the 3rd cytochrome and thereby oxidizing it so it can accept new electrons
		act as a oxidizing agent by accepting electrons from the electron transport chain and combining with hydrogen ions (protons)
		all of the above

Question 52

The primary purpose of the citric acid cycle is...

aerobic glycolysis

gluconeogenesis using lactate

the decarboxylation of carbon compounds to produce NADH.

the shuttling of hydrogen ions through the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 55

Which of the following is the best predictor of marathon running performance?

	A.	Maximal rate of pyruvate oxidation
	B.	Maximal rate of lactate formation
	C.	Amount of adipose tissue triglycerides
	D.	Pre-race blood glucose concentration

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Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Carnitine, Pyrophosphate, Pyruvic Acid

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