Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Chemiosmosis, Glycolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

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2 Oct 2016

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Acetyl-coa is end product: catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, use biochem for more notes . Having a low energy state in the cell (lots of amp) alerts body to produce more acetyl-coa and activates phc: exercising skeletal muscle involves the influx of lots of calcium. When we"re working out, we need more energy for the contracting muscles. This takes a-coa out of cycle and thus slows down. Cac: ex: if we"re starving, amino acids can break down into intermediates such as alpha- ketoglutarate if you have more of that substrate around it will push the cac to go faster. Each nadh produces 2. 5 (3), fadh produces 1. 5 (2). Atp synthase (because the membrane is impermeable to them). Atp synthase has two main parts, connected by an axle: as the h+ ions go through atp synthase in the membrane, it causes the axle middle structure to spin!

Related Questions

After glycolysis and before the citric acid cycle (TCA), the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex breaks down the pyruvate to three separate components; a carboxyl group, a two-carbon fragment, and coenzyme A (CoA). What happens next to these products?

a. The carboxyl group is reduced and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to reduce NADH, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for the TCA.

b. The carboxyl group is oxidized and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to oxidize NAD+, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for glycolysis.

c. The carboxyl group is used to reduce NAD+, the two-carbon fragment is oxidized and released as CO2, and CoA is oxidized to acetyl CoA for oxidative phosphorylation the TCA.

d. The carboxyl group is oxidized and released as CO2, the two-carbon fragment is used to reduce NAD+, and CoA is converted to acetyl CoA for the TCA.

e. The carboxyl group is used to oxidize NAD+, the two-carbon fragment is reduced and released as CO2, and CoA enters the TCA.

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle.

	ATP is an indirect product of the citric acid cycle
	Acetyl CoA can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	Fatty acids can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	ADP inhibits Î±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
	The pool of mitochondrial oxaloacetate can be increased by pyruvate
	All enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found soluble and free in the mitochondrial matrix

2.Which molecule in the net reaction of the citrate cycle contributes to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

	NADH
	H⁺
	H₂O
	FAD

3. How would a high NADH to NAD⁺ ratio be expected to affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?

	The E1 subunit is phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases.
	The last step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is blocked, resulting in a decrease in activity.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 enzyme would increase, resulting in pyruvate dehydrogenase activation at an accelerated rate.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme activity would increase, resulting in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

___ 25- The Krebs cycle begins with the union of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate forming citrate, allowing oxidative decarboxylation reactions to occur, and ends with the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Using this information and your knowledge of the Krebs cycle, how many net carbons does the citric acid cycle gain?
A) 0 carbons
B) 1 carbon
C) 2 carbons
D) 4 carbons
___ 26- Directly from the Krebs cycle we can obtain:
A) ATP
B) GTP and NADPH
C) ATP and NADPH
D) ATP, GTP, and NADPH
___ 27- Which of the following is not an intermediary of the Krebs cycle?
A) oxaloacetate
B) citrate
C) succinyl CoA
D) acetyl CoA
___ 28- How many di nucleotides are reduced by four turns of the Krebs cycle?
A) 1 FADH2 and 4 NADH
B) 2 FADH2 and 8 NADH
C) 4 FADH2 and 12 NADH
D) 1 FAD and 4 NAD +

Biology 1201A Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Chemiosmosis, Glycolysis, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

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