Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Selaginella, Plasmodium, Heterochromatin

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24 Apr 2017

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Not a good way to describe a gene. Discrete region of a chromosome encoding a protein or rna. Cox 1: 1,542 bp long of double stranded dna: found in human mitochondrial genome, on mitochondrial chromosome. When want to make the product, transcribe the gene, get single. Protein product of cox1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. To get number of amino acids: stranded mrna (nucleotides single stranded), translate using ribosome and get a protein: (nucleotides/3) 1. Example: 900 nucleotide strand of mrna last triplet is a stop codon = 299 amino acids. Cox1 is a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. Dna rna protein central dogma. Mrna sequence is identical to the coding strand except ts were replaced by u. Mrna has start (aug) and stop codon. Coding sequence is broken down into triplets (3 letter codons: look at the universal genetic code. Codons to deduce an mrna sequence: mrna has uracil instead of thymine.

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1. What recent research has indicated that studying Down Syndrome may hold a key to cancer growth and slowing tumor growth? In your answer be sure to mention the DSCR1 gene, angiogenesis suppression, and why individuals with Downâs Syndrome rarely have solid tumor growth. 2. Select your favorite chromosome and list the following: Three disorders that are found on this chromosome, Indicate the type of disorder (dominant, recessive) and the type of numerical or structural aberration. 3. Assume that crossing over does not occur in the region of each chromosome that is associated with the centromere. You have 46 centromeric regions in each cell, 23 that are copies of the DNA in your motherâs egg and 23 that are copies of the DNA fatherâs sperm. a. For any given gamete, what is the probability that all the centromeric regions will be copies of the same ones that you received from your mother? b. It has been estimated that the average person is heterozygous for at least 2,000 protein forming genes. How many different kinds of gametes is it theoretically possible for each person to produce? c. Considering the maternal and paternal origin of the centromeric regions alone, how many different kinds of gametes can you produce? 4. Find a current article on Telomerase (within the last year). Summarize the article and answer the following: What is telomerase? Why is it viewed as the fountain of youth? Attach the abstract or the first page. 5. Promiscuous Sun Flower has five lovers, but she has decided that the only true father of her child can have her hand in marriage. Sunâs Blood type is A- her five suitors blood types are as follows: a. Maury AB+ b. Elmer O+ c. Willie A- d. Jiggs B- e. Cousin it B+ 6. What is the epigenome. Explain why the study of the epigenome may not follow normal Mendelian genetics 7. Explain what is meant by the statement âWomen are just as hemizygous as menâ. 8. After having 10 children you remarryâ¦â¦ What is the probability of you now having a boy and then a girl, and then a girl, and then a boy, and then a boy or a girl, and then a girl? You now have 16 childrenâ¦â¦ 9. The genetic code has four codons for the amino acid Valine (GUG, GUC, GUU, GUA). Organisms have evolved to use some codes more than other codes. Which of the valine codes would you expect to be preferentially used in the genome of an algae growing in a hot spring at Yellowstone Park? EXPLAIN your answer 10. You discovered a new virus that needs to be studied. You begin by digesting the virus with protease (an enzyme that completely digests all proteins) until only amino acids remain. You then determine that the base composition of the viral nucleic acid is 38% Cytosine, 35% Glycine, 15% Thymine, and 12 % Adenine. To which class could this virus belong? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER a. Single-stranded RNA Virus b. Double-stranded RNA Virus c. Single-stranded DNA Virus d. Double=stranded DNA Virus e. None of the above because there is not enough information given to make a guess. 11. Adenine is found in numerous biological molecules (for example, DNA, RNA, NADH, ATP). You are now asked to explain the evolution of adenine and at least 5 of these biological (Adenine containing) molecules and how they may have evolved (the order).

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Biology 2581B Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Selaginella, Plasmodium, Heterochromatin

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