PHIL 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Bc Ferries, Slate (Magazine), Deductive Reasoning
6 Oct 2015
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They can be irrelevant to the conclusion (making it weak). They can be implausible or doubtful in some way (making it weak or uncogent). The speaker directly attacks her opponent"s personal traits. (abusive) The speaker tries to discredit his opponent by citing circumstances. (circum- stantial) The speaker tries to make her opponent seem like a hypocrite. (tu quoque/you too: remember that the source of a claim might give us a good reason to doubt it. He only says that to sell more copies of his book on carnap. Actually, carnap was a minor gure: even if it did help his book sales, that doesn"t mean his statement is false, this is ad hominem circumstantial, a better argument would have been: Prof. richardson tells us that carnap was a very important philosopher. But you might want to ask another professor for an opinion, since prof.
