BIO230H1 Lecture : BIO230 part 1 notes.docx

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blueimpala413

3 Oct 2012

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BIO230H1 Full Course Notes

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Genomes are mostly made of dna except some viruses that have rna genomes. Prokaryotic transcription regulation 9/24/2012 1:44:00 pm: gene expression regulation is important for: Requires many proteins transcription factors that help position. Tbp: recognizes tata box, which gets binded on with tfiid & Tfiih: unwinds dna double helix with atp and phosphorylates. Rnap ii, which can begin the elongation phase at ctd: types of rna: Rrna: forms basic structures of ribosome and catalyze protein synthesis. Snorna: small nucleolar: modifies rrnas: genes get transcribed at different rates because of gene regulatory proteins (transcription factors) which binds to regulator regions of dna (cis elements) Can turn genes on: activators (positive regulators) Or turn genes off: repressors (negative regulators: bacterial gene regulation: E. coli: contains one chromosome of circular dna and is a unicellular prokaryote. Special feature for prokaryote: multiple genes can be transcribed into a single rna molecule: example for operons:

Related Questions

(A) Bioinformatics is interested in identifying meaning from genomic sequence. Describe the information content of a genome.
(B) Functional Genomics is concerned with the function (proteome), expression (transcriptome), and interaction (interactome) of genes. For each of these components (proteome, transcriptome, and interactome), in your own words
(i) define what they are AND
(ii) discuss how the relate to one another.

plumsnake962

28. Which two of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Eukaryotes have larger genomes and more genes than prokaryotes

B) Multicellular eukaryotes have larger genomes and more genes than single celled eukaryotes

C) Genes derived from both bacteria and archaea can be found in eukaryote genomes

D) Most eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into linear chromosomes

E) Mitochondrial genomes of eukaryotes are circular .

F) They include LINES, SINES, and Alu elements

G) They can cause mutations

H) Transposons are associated with genetic diseases

I) Transposon movement is restricted to meiosis

J) Special repeated elements found in the telomeres are beneficial to humans

Most biologists argue that the regulation of gene expression isconsiderably more complex in eukaryotes than in bacteria. List thefour factors that in your view make the largest contribution tothis perception.

Select the four correct statements.

1.	The coordinated regulation of sets of genes devoted to a singlefunction (e.g. metabolic pathways) allows minimal wasting of acell's resources on unneeded proteins and metabolites.
2.	Multicellularity and cell-type specificity is frequent ineukaryotes and requires organisms to regulate large suites of genesin a cell-type-specific manner.
3.	The chromatin structure of eukaryotic genomes allows thedifferential packaging of genes to be used in regulation.
4.	Posttranslational processing of proteins allows cells toregulate the function of proteins after their synthesis by covalentmodification, transport, or both.
5.	The extensive use of attenuation allows eukaryotes to fine-tunetranscriptional activity of a cell according to environmentalsignals.
6.	Eukaryotic cells possess a nucleus, which separatestranscription from translation and allows RNA processing andtransport to be used in regulation.

turquoisegrasshopper193

BIO230H1 Lecture : BIO230 part 1 notes.docx

BIO230H1 Full Course Notes

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