BIO130H1 Lecture 2: Genomes and Chromosomes
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One maternal and one paternal genome = you. ~22 000 genes spread across 23 chromosomes. Many scientists use genome sequencing to try to understand autism. Very small for a genome that used to belong to a free-living organism. Dna that was originally in the genome of the mitochondria/chloro plast has moved into the nucleus. Salamander has far bigger genome than us. Some amoebas have larger genomes than us too. Larger genome does not necessarily mean that an organism is more complex or even larger. Advances in automated sequencing have made possible the sequencing of many genomes. Prokaryotic genomes in hours, eukaryotic genomes in 1-2 days. Only 1. 5% of your genome encodes protein. 50% of your genome is repetitive dna. Very little of the genome is protein-coding. Transposons are composed on inserted viral dna that resides in the genome. Some are inserted into the genome during our lifetime and others are present due to evolutions.
