BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Genetic Drift, Founder Effect, Phenotypic Plasticity
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Gene flow: movement of genes from one population to another. Population: group of individuals of a single species occupying a given area at the. Migration: movement of individuals from one population to another. Difficult to observe and measure, distinguish potential vs actual/gamete vs individual, use experimental approaches or neutral genetic markers (polymorphic neutral genetic variation used to study population processes affecting genetic diversity) More gene flow if populations close together. Genetic drift: changes in allele frequency due to random variation in fecundity and mortality, most important when populations are small. Population bottlenecks: single sharp reduction in numbers, large loss in biodiversity. Founder events: colonization by a few individuals that start a new population with limited diversity compared with source population. Humans have a lot of shared genetic variation across populations. Show a loss of genetic variation as distance from e africa increases. Founder event: humans migrate from source population. Genetic differentiation among populations is often observed from across a.
