BIO120H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Carl Linnaeus, Phylogenetic Tree, Binomial Nomenclature
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BIO120H1 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary
Hierarchal system of classification: kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, species. Name is a key to literature on an organism. Enables interpretation of origins and evo history. Taxon- named taxonomic unit at any level (plural=taxa) Taxonomy- study of biodiversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms. Systematics- study of biodiversity and evolutionary relationships among organisms. Schools of taxonomy (war of 70s and 80s) Phenetics- classifying species based solely on overall resemblance, now largely dead. Cladistics- classifying species based on their phylogenetic relationships. Will henning (1913-1976: phylogenetic trees provide a depiction of the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms- important to appreciate imp hypothesis about evolutionary theory. Monophyletic- a single ancestor gave rise to all species in that taxon and no species in any other taxon. Non-monophyletic- taxon whose members are derived from >2 ancestral forms not common to all members. Critical step- identification of ancestral and derived traits. Derived- trait that differs from ancestral trait in lineage.
