BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Prothallium, Spermatozoon, Phanerozoic

17 views3 pages

10 Jan 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Bio Lecture 02: Tree of Life

- The age of bryophytes is unknown due to the lack of fossil proof

Tree of Life – Lycophytes

- The successful group in firmly colonizing terrestrial ecoystems (dry lands)

- Vs. Bryophytes – have a cuticle, a stomata and vascular tissue

- On top of the upper dermis, they have a waxy cuticle

- A stoma: breathing course; how they breathe through the cuticle that covers the dermis

- P: a rudimentary vascular bundle / X: xylem

- Lycophytes are made up of the groups:

o Clubmosses 400 *not bryophytes but lycophytes

o Quillworts 150

o Spikemosses 700

Tree of Life – Ferns

- The Phanerozoic Eon, Paleozoic Era and the Carboniferous Period

o Coal-bearing era: when the plants die they become sedimentary layers where we

use to make coal to make food or to make power

- Ferns are made up of:

o Whisk Ferns 2

o Horsetails 15

o True Ferns 12,000

▪ Greatest bulk of fern species

▪ 75% are found in the tropics

▪ Different shapes and the diverse from tiny aquatic to tall tree ferns

- Life Cycle of Ferns (stand in for lycophytes with slight differences)

o Starts in the diploid generation at the sporophyte

o Mature leafs – the dot is called sori, plural for a lot is sorus

▪ Made up of pinheads, and each pinhead contains multiple spores

▪ Spores mature – predetermined opening of the pinhead to release the

spores

▪ Spores immature – the pinhead stays close

- Antheridium – male which has a lot of the prothallium which becomes a spermatozoid

- Archegonia – female and has an egg

- When the spermatozoid and the egg fertilize they form an embryo then to a developing

sporophyte

- The heart shape is the prothalium gametophyte which holds the developing frond

sporophyte

- Which generations do photosynthesis? The haploid prothallium and the mature lead

sporophyte diploid are self-supplying; both generations in the developing frond and the

prothallium independently photosynthesize and therefore do not need each other

- Water dependent short-distance dispersal to fertilize when the spermatozoid has to

move to the egg

- Wind dependent long-distance when the spores have to move

find more resources at oneclass.com

Unlock document

This preview shows page 1 of the document.
Unlock all 3 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

hans15149 and 39222 others unlocked

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

Verified Note

43 documents

Document Summary

The age of bryophytes is unknown due to the lack of fossil proof. The successful group in firmly colonizing terrestrial ecoystems (dry lands) Vs. bryophytes have a cuticle, a stomata and vascular tissue. On top of the upper dermis, they have a waxy cuticle. A stoma: breathing course; how they breathe through the cuticle that covers the dermis. P: a rudimentary vascular bundle / x: xylem. Lycophytes are made up of the groups: clubmosses 400 *not bryophytes but lycophytes, quillworts 150, spikemosses 700. The phanerozoic eon, paleozoic era and the carboniferous period: coal-bearing era: when the plants die they become sedimentary layers where we use to make coal to make food or to make power. Ferns are made up of: whisk ferns 2, horsetails 15, true ferns 12,000, greatest bulk of fern species, 75% are found in the tropics, different shapes and the diverse from tiny aquatic to tall tree ferns.

Related Questions

Question 1

The key innovation that allowed for plant survival on land, seenin the first land plants and all others after, but not in thecharophytes, is

Question 1 options:

	fruit.
	vascular tissue.
	the seed.
	protection of the embryo.

Question 2

Which dramatic change in the alternation-of-generations lifecycle led to the protection of all phases of the life cycle and theformation of seeds?

Question 2 options:

	transition from a dominant gametophyte generation to a dominantsporophyte generation
	transition from a dominant sporophyte generation to a dominantgametophyte generation

Question 3

Which structure(s) allow the sporophyte of vascular plants to beprotected against drying out?

Question 3 options:

	the waxy covering of leaves, called the cuticle
	small openings in the leaves, called stomata
	guard cells that surround each stoma
	all of these structures protect the dominant sporophyte fromdrying out

Question 4

Why are the bryophytes called nonvascular plants?

Question 4 options:

	because they are specialized for transporting water and organicnutrients
	because their roots, stems, and leaves lack vascular tissue
	because they protect their embryo
	because they produce wind-blown spores

Question 5

Which generation is dominant in the bryophytes?

Question 5 options:

	the generations are equally dominant
	the sporophyte
	the gametophyte
	there is no sporophyte generation in bryophytes

Question 6

Which of the bryophytes are typically low-lying, due mostly totheir need for moisture and lack of vascular tissue?

Question 6 options:

	the mosses
	the liverworts
	the hornworts
	all of the bryophytes are low-lying

Question 7

Which structure of the moss protects the embryo from dryingout?

Question 7 options:

	the archegonium
	the antheridium
	the sporangium
	the stalk

Question 8

Cooksonia were the first __________ plants; they hadwind-blown spores, __________, leaves, and roots.

Question 8 options:

	nonvascular; branches
	vascular; seeds
	nonvascular; seeds
	vascular; branches

Question 9

The roots of today's lycophytes are much like __________ were inearly vascular plants; the vascular tissue is __________.

Question 9 options:

	roots; centrally placed
	stems; centrally placed
	leaves; only found at the perimeter
	branches; only found at the perimeter

Question 10

Pteridophytes, or ferns and their allies, are __________vascular plants with __________.

Question 10 options:

	seed-producing; microphylls
	seedless; microphylls
	seedless; megaphylls
	seed-producing; megaphylls

Question 11

Microphylls __________. Megaphylls__________.

Question 11 options:

	are found in all vascular plants; are only found in thelycophytes
	are broad leaves with a single strand of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have several strands vascular tissue
	are broad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue; arenarrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue
	are narrow and have a single strand of vascular tissue; arebroad leaves with several strands of vascular tissue

Question 12

The fern life cycle

Question 12 options:

	all of these choices accurately describe the fern lifecycle.
	is dependent on external water.
	relies on the wind to disperse the spores.
	produces a gametophyte that lacks vascular tissue.

Question 13

Seed plants use meiosis to produce

Question 13 options:

	spores and pollen.
	seeds and fruit.
	pollen and seeds.
	microspores and megaspores.

Question 14

In seed plants, a microspore develops into

Question 14 options:

	an egg.
	a pollen grain.
	a sporophyte.
	All of these answers correctly complete this sentence.

Question 15

Within the angiosperms, or ___________, two groups exist. Theyare named for their __________.

Question 15 options:

	vascular plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	nonvascular plants; leaf type
	flowering plants; number of cotyledons, or seed coats
	fungi; leaf type

Question 16

The __________ parts of a flower are the stamens, each of whichhas two parts: the anther and the filament. The __________ parts ofa flower are the carpel, which has three major regions: the stigma,the style, and the __________.

Question 16 options:

	female; male; ovary
	male; female; sepals
	female; male; sepals
	male; female; ovary

Question 17

Double fertilization during the angiosperm life cycle involvestwo sperm, one of which __________, while the other __________.

Question 17 options:

	fertilizes the egg to form a zygote; produces the endospermnucleus, which will develop into food for the developing plant
	is a mature male gametophyte; is an immature malegametophyte
	lands on the carpel of the plant; is usually blown away in thewind
	develops into the seed; develops into the fruit that surroundsthe seeds

Question 18

The bodies of most fungi are made up of a network of filamentscalled hyphae.

Question 18 options:

	True
	False

Question 19

What is the difference between land fungi and the chytrids?

Question 19 options:

	Land fungi are motile and have flagella at all stages of theirlife cycle. The chytrids do not have flagella.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and do not have flagella at any stageof their life cycle. The chytrids have flagellated spores andgametes.
	Land fungi are nonmotile and only have flagellated spores. Thechytrids have flagellated spores and gametes.
	Both are motile for part of their life cycle. Land fungi aremotile as gametes. Chytrids are motile as spores.

Question 20

The vast majority of described species of fungi are __________fungi, which include unicellular __________, which reproducesexually once their food supply runs out. When yeast ferment, theyproduce ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 20 options:

	zygospore; black bread molds
	club; mushroom
	sac; yeast
	mutualistic; lichen

yellowmuskrat453

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Prothallium, Spermatozoon, Phanerozoic

BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Spermatozoon, Meiosis, Stamen

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Double Fertilization, Spermatozoon, Pollen Tube

BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Gymnosperm, Welwitschia, Antheridium

Related Questions