BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Eoarchean, Ectasian, Mesoproterozoic

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Tree of life has 3 parts: bacteria, archaea. Earth"s age is (cid:1008). (cid:1009)b years old majority of (prokaryotes), and eukaryotes time was no life or single celled ago (archean eoarchean era) Proterozoic eon mesoproterozoic era ectasian period roughly 1300mya. Actually loosely related to eachother from angiosperms (flowering plants) remember # of species for each group of plants. 2 different groups of green algae most evolved bryophytes are hornwarts bryophytes form 1 single clade (old belief) majority of biodiversity in plants come. Lecture 1 (in tree of plants) don"t ha(cid:448)e cuticles cuticles: all. Bryophytes: liverworts (6000 species) male and female plants look different (when reproducing) Males grow antheridia = palm trees, females grow archegonia = umbrella marcania polymorphia multifaced (males look different from females, usually can"t tell difference(cid:895) Bryophytes: mosses (12,000 species) largest group of b. phytes, come in all shapes can grow on forest floors, rocks etc.

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17. What is citizen science? a) Science projects in which scientists study citizen b) Science project in which citizens are trained to become scientists in the future c) Science projects in which the public participates by collecting data, analyzing data, or participating as subjects d) Science projects in which scientists study the nature of being a good citizen

18. When considering the evolutionary tree of life and the three domains of life, which statement best describes what likely happened over the course of millions of years of evolution? Choose one:

A. Bacterial and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to archaeans, as evidenced by the fact that bacteria and eukaryotes do not inhabit the most extreme environments.
B. Although their cell structures are very different, archaean and eukaryotic cells are more closely related to each other than to bacteria, as evidenced by the fact that Bacteria was the first domain to split from the shared ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya.

C. Bacteria and archaeans are more closely related to each other than to eukaryotes, as evidenced by their cell structures. Bacteria and archaeans are prokaryotic, while all eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria and other membrane-bound organelles.
D. The three domains of life are equally divergent from one another, so no two domains are more closely related to each other. This is supported by the evolutionary tree of life because three branches extend from one node millions of years ago.

1) â

Regarding early life on Earth

microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants.

microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.

microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life.

it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.

2)Regarding early life on Earth

microbial life existed long before animals but has been around for about the same amount of time as plants.

microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time.

microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life.

it is impossible to determine which type of life first appeared.

3) Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotes but NOT of prokaryotes?

None of the provided answers.

The genetic material is surrounded by its own phospholipid bilayer, distinct from the phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.

4)The primary structure of a protein involves:

hydrogen bonds only

"R" group interactions

hydrophobic forces

peptide bonds only

disulfide bonds only

Organisms can be single celled.

DNA serves as the genetic material.

The cell is surrounded by a plasma membrane that is a phospholipid bilayer.

1. In biology, the term "ionic bond" is used differently than inchemistry. A biological "ionic bond" is used to describe theinteraction of an R group containing a carboxyl group(âCOO^â) with an R group containing an amino group(âNH₃⁺). From this description, what do youunderstand a biological "ionic bond" to be?

a. van der waals interaction

b. hydrogen bond

c. Electrostatic interaction

d. covalent bond

2. The three dimensional arrangement of alpha helices,beta-sheets and other parts of the polypeptide chain is called

a. primary structure

b. secondary strucutre

c. tertiary structure

d. quaternary structure

3. Multiple polypeptide chains are held together by

a. peptide bond

b. intermolecular forces

4. What holds multiple polypeptides together? (Choose bestanswer)

a. R groups

b. amino groups

c. carboxylate group

5. Which of the following single-celled organisms is an exampleof a prokaryote?

a. algae

b. yeast

c. amoeba

d. bacteria

6. Which of the following is an insect most closely relatedto?

a. tree

b. mushroom

c. fish

d. bacteria

7. In evolutionary history, which was the most ancientdivergence?

a. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

b. Birds and reptiles

c. Rats and mice

d. Plants and animals

8. In evolutionary history, which was the most recentdivergence?

a. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

b. Birds and reptiles

c. Rats and mice

d. Plants and animals

9. What is the chemical equation for ATP synthesis?

a. ADP + P_i â¶ ATP + H₂O

b. ATP + H₂O â¶ ADP + P_i

_c. ADP + H₂O â¶ ATP + P_i

_d. ATP + P_i â¶ ADP +H₂O

9. What is glycolysis?]

a. It is the oxidation of three-carbon molecules into carbondioxide.

b. It is the splitting of six-carbon sugars into three carbonmolecules with the synthesis of ATP.

c. It is the transport of electrons to power the synthesis ofATP.

d. It is the synthesis of sugars from carbon dioxide.

10. What chemistry concept describes whether a reaction orprocess can occur spontaneously?

a. therodynamics

b. kinetics

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BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Eoarchean, Ectasian, Mesoproterozoic

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