BIO310H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Renal Function, Oncotic Pressure, Distal Convoluted Tubule
Document Summary
Lecture 9 & 10 osmoregulation and the mammalian kidney; 579-587, 593-613. Osmoregulator: animals that maintain an internal osmolarity different from the medium in which they are immersed: regulate osmotic and ionic balance, they depend entirely on osmotic regulation of the extracellular fluid to maintain cell. The osmotic exchanges that take place between an animal and the environment can be divided into two classes: obligatory osmotic exchanges: occurs mainly in response to physical factors over which the animal has little or no physiological control. Trans-epithelial diffusion, ingestion, defecation, metabolic waste production: controlled (regulated) osmotic exchanges: physiologically controlled and serve volume to maintain internal homeostasis. Gradients between the animal and the environment: the rate of transfer depends on the surface area of the animal, the size of the gradient, and the permeability of the animal"s surface. When the frogs eggs (which are not normally very permeable to water) were injected with aquaporin swelled very quickly.
