BIO 3124 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Metabolite, Phosphoenolpyruvic Acid, Isoleucine
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6 Jan 2015
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Sometimes, cells cannot completely oxidize glucose via cellular respiration. This is due to a lack of a final electron acceptor. Atp can be generated by substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis and the krebs cycle. But some cells require a constant source of nad+ Fermentation pathways provide cells with an alternate source of nad+ Partial oxidation of a sugar (or other metabolites) release energy, using an organic molecule from within the cell as a final electron acceptor. Regeneration of nad+ for glycolysis occurs so that adp molecules can be phosphorylated to atp. In fermentation, nadh reduces (nadh is oxidized to nad+ to release energy) pyruvic acid to form lactic acid or ethanol, co2, propionic acid, acetone, isopropanol, etc. Glycerol is phosphorylated into dhap and is put into step 5 of glycolysis. Through beta-oxidation, an acetyl-coa is formed, which can then be used in the. We can catabolize proteins for use as an energy source or as metabolites.
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