BIO 2137 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Gymnosperm, Hymenoptera, Flowering Plant
15 Nov 2016
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Sepals absent or reduced to pappus (bristles) Flowers open at different times (better chance for different pollinators) Wind and pollinators are the main means of pollination. Animals are in part responsible for the evolution of flowers. Gymnosperms mass pollination by wind inefficient. Angiosperms flower with attracting features gets visited more often produces more (cross-fertilization) to become common across angiosperms. Flowers and insects have coevolved seeds selective advantage efficient. Sources of food: nectaries, floral parts, pollen, sticky fluid around ovary. Enclosed ovary, inferior ovary: protects ovule from being consumed. Hermaphrodite (bisexual) flowers: increases efficiency of pollinator at each visit. Beetles : attracted to strong odor, large flowers, inferior ovary. ) : ample nectar and pollen (food), blue or yellow flower, landing platform. Butterflies and moths : corolla in tube with spur, ample nectar, strong smell at night (nocturnal moth) Birds : brilliant colour (often red), no smell, ample nectar. Bats : ample nectar, strong smell, large flowers but not showy.
