BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Phospholipid, Peptide, Hepatocyte
28 Dec 2017
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Document Summary
Lysosomes: lysosomes are acidic organelles that contain a battery of degradative enzymes. Lysosomes are bounded by a single membrane and are responsible for degrading certain components that have become obsolete for the cell or organism. Lysosomes contain a group of enzymes that degrade polymers into their monomeric subunits. All the lysosomal enzymes work most efficiently at acid ph values and collectively are termed acid hydrolases. The process by which an aged organelle is degraded i(cid:374) a lysoso(cid:373)e is called autophagy (cid:894)(cid:862)eati(cid:374)g o(cid:374)eself(cid:863)(cid:895). Plant vacuoles: plant cells store water, ions, and nutrients such as sucrose and amino acids within these vacuoles. Vacuoles also act as receptacles for waste products and excess salts taken up by the plant and may function similarly to lysosomes in animal cells. Like lysosomes, vacuoles have an acidic ph, and contain a battery of degradative enzymes. The vacuolar membrane is permeable to water but is poorly permeable to the small molecules stored within it.
