ADM 1340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Deferral, Matching Principle, Accounting Information System

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ADM 1340 Lecture 6: Chapter 4: Accrual Accounting

ADM 1340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Deferral, Matching Principle, Accounting Information System

ADM 1340 Lecture 8: ADM 1430 - Lecture 8 - Closing the Books

Document Summary

Matching principle remember all you have in this case to track these matters is your journal entries and posting them to the ledger. They are required at the end of each accounting period to get them into the right period. The reason for this is because some items may be unrecorded, and some are not recorded daily (e. g. wages). Depreciation: decrease in value of an asset as time passes. Types of adjustment: prepayment: cash has already been received when adjusting the entries. They are advanced payments made for prepaid expenses such as assets, supplies and intangibles. Expenses are such as costs as goods sold, insurance and rent expenses: accrual: cash is not received or paid when making the adjustment within the entries. Ex (slide 16): in terms of adjusting you adjust on december 31 and look back on the recordings from june. You need to calculate how much supplies you"ve used through-out this period.

Related Questions

Record (journalize) transactions in the books) Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc.,
completed the following transactions during April 2012, its first month of operations:

Apr 1	Received $19,800 and issued common stock.
2	Purchased $200 of office supplies on account.
4	Paid $14,300 cash for land to use as a building site.
6	Performed service for customers and received cash of $2,600.
9	Paid $100 on accounts payable.
17	Performed service for UFax on account totaling $1,900.
23	Collected $100 from UFax on account.
30	Paid the following expenses: salary, $1,900; rent, $1,300.

1.Record the transactions in the journal of Doherty Tree Cellular, Inc. Key transactions by date and include an explanation for each entry.

CLASS, LETS TAKE RECORDING STEP 1 STEP FURTHER - THE TRIAL BALANCE

Now that we know what the accounting equation is and we have some experience with Journal Entries.

Letâs review the process and take the recording process one step further.

STEP 1) Analyze transaction: As an actual accountant, we determine if a transaction should be recorded by analyzing source documents.

For example: If the Company makes a sale; they will complete a sales document (or sales
tape is generated). If the Company purchases something a purchase invoice is forwarded to Accounting. There is a different type of source documents for different types of transactions.

Note: as an accountant a large part of the battle is making sure there is a source document for all transactions and that all departments capture and forward these documents to Accounting!

STEP 2) Accounting prepares journal entry: for each transaction based on GAAP. (Mostly using the constraints, assumptions, principles we've discussed: materiality, conservatism, matching, revenue recognition, etc).

The entry is entered into a Journal for those types of Transactions (There is a Sales Journal, A/P Journal for purchases, Payroll journal for payroll related entries, General Journal for misc. entries., etc.

Journal entries are made in the proper form, and include: date, description, indent of credit side of each entry.

STEP 3) The Journal entry is posted to General ledger; which includes all activity for all accounts.

However, the recording process is not over. Letâs talk about the trial balance. Please answer ALL however only post ONE question at a time to allow more to participate.

1) Why do we prepare it?

apricotox859

Hello...I am in need of help with the adjusting entries please 100000	Bank Account
110100	Accounts Receivable (Direct Posting Account)
110150	Allowance for Bad Debts
110200	Interest Receivable
200600	Inventory-Operating Supplies
200900	Inventory-Raw Materials (Direct Post)
200910	Inventory-Finished Goods (Direct Post)
200920	Inventory-Trading Goods (Direct Post)
200930	Inventory-Semi-finished Goods (Direct Post)
210000	Prepaid Insurance
211000	Prepaid Supplies
212000	Prepaid Advertising
215000	Prepaid Rent
216000	Deposits on Purchases
220000	Notes Receivable
220110	Land (Direct Post)
220210	Production Machinery, Equip & Fixtures (Dir.Post)
220310	Accumulated Depreciation-Machinery (Direct Post)
220400	Office Furniture
220500	Accumulated Depreciation-Office Furniture
220600	Office Equipment and Computers
220700	Accumulated Depreciation - Office Equipment
300100	Payables-Income Taxes
300200	Accounts Payable (Direct Posting Account)
300300	Payables-Interest
300400	Payables-Short-Term Notes
300500	Payables-Long-Term Notes
300600	Payables-Commissions
300700	Payables-Salaries and Wages
300800	Accrued Expenses
310000	Goods Receipt / Invoice Receipt Account
320000	Accrued Tax â Output
321000	Accrued Tax- Input
322000	Unearned Revenues
329000	Common Stock
329100	Additional Paid-in-Capital
330010	Retained Earnings (Direct Post)
600000	Sales Revenue
610000	Sales Discount
620000	Miscellaneous Revenue
630000	Revenue Deductions
640000	Gain or Loss on Sale of Assets
650000	Customer Service Revenue
650100	Customer Service Revenue Settlement
700000	Labor
720000	Raw Material Consumption Expense
720100	Finished Product Consumption Expense
720200	Trading Good Consumption Expense
720300	Semi-Finished Consumption Expense
740000	Supplies Expense
740100	Telephone and Internet Expense
740200	Legal and Professional Expense
740300	Rent Expense
740400	Insurance Expense
740500	Payroll Expense-Office
740600	Payroll Expense-Administrative
740700	Sales Expense
740800	Tax Expense - Property
740900	Tax Expense- Income
741000	Miscellaneous Expense
741200	Bad Debt Expense
741300	Information Technology Expense Account
741400	Production Order Variance Expense Account
741500	Utilities (electricity & phone) Expense
741600	Manufacturing Output settlement
741700	Manufacturing Output Settlement Variance
741800	Depreciation Expense
741900	Advertising Expense
742000	Vendor Discounts Missed
742100	Shipping Expense
760000	Purchase Price Difference
760100	Production Variance
770000	Research and Development
780000	Cost of Goods Sold

Detailed Assignment Requirements

The next few pages show the balances in GBI accounts as of December 31st and then the descriptions of events occurring during January for which you are to make general journal entries in a manual accounting system. Your manual accounting system needs to include a general journal, Pivot Tables (that acts as a General Ledger), and a trial balance, all of which will be generated in Excel, (see the sample problem for the format).

After you have created your entries in your manual system, you will enter all the data into the SAP ERP system. When you enter your data into the SAP system the resulting financial information from the manual system and the SAP system should match exactly.

Assignment Steps

Record the daily transactions if appropriate, (some events may not involve journal entries), as general journal entries into Excel. Summarize the effects of the journal entries in a Pivot Table summary. Link the Pivot Table into your Excel worksheet as a trial balance. You should create links between your spreadsheets to expedite this process and minimize the risk of an error in data entry. Looking over the answer to the sample problem may be helpful in reviewing your Excel skills.

The next step is to record the adjusting entries into the general journal and then summarize them into a Pivot Table and then the trial balance.

Record closing entries in your trial balance as if this were a year-end close. (Do not enter the closing entries in your General Journal).

Prepare the SAP ERP system for data entry.

Now use the SAP ERP system to make all above entries using the general ledger system in SAP. This should be done in a series of steps as follows:

Examine the GLXX chart of accounts where XX is your assigned SAP student login ID#. (Whenever you see XX in the instructions, substitute your SAP login ID#.)

Record beginning account balances in the SAP general ledger. This should be done as one composite journal entry (the first journal entry). Use January 1, as the journal entry date for the beginning account balances. Be sure to compare this to your Excel spreadsheet to make sure the entries are correct.

Display the trial balance (you should compare this to your manual entries). If the trial balance does not match your manual entries, research the errors and make necessary corrections.

Record the daily transactions for January in the SAP general ledger (do each journal entry as a separate entry, not as one giant composite entry, be sure to use appropriate dates â this allows for a good audit trail).

Display the trial balance (you should compare this to your manual entries).

Record the adjusting entries.

Display the trial balance (you should compare this to your manual entries).

Simulate closing the books as of January 31 using the SAP utility. (Do not enter closing entries into the general ledger. These entries would be done automatically through the SAP month-end closing function.)

Instructions for using the SAP ERP system start on page 13 of this document.

Account Balances as of December 31^st


		Debit Balance	Credit Balance
100000	Bank Account	$300,318
110100	Accounts Receivable (Direct Posting Account)	94,670
110150	Allowance for Bad Debts		2,600
200600	Inventory-Operating Supplies	8,832
200900	Inventory-Raw Materials (Direct Post)	52,000
200910	Inventory-Finished Goods (Direct Post)	281,298
200920	Inventory-Trading Goods (Direct Post)	66,474
210000	Prepaid Insurance	3,000
212000	Prepaid Advertising	2,400
220110	Land (Direct Post)	528,000
220210	Production Machinery, Equip & Fixtures (Dir.Post)	915,000
220310	Accumulated Depreciation-Machinery (Direct Post)		408,000
300200	Accounts Payable (Direct Posting Account)		48,000
300700	Payables-Salaries and Wages		94,313
300800	Accrued Expenses		2,200
320000	Accrued Tax â Output		4,000
329000	Common Stock		1,010,000
329100	Additional Paid-in-Capital		52,870
330010	Retained Earnings (Direct Posting)		630,009

Events During January

Event Date Description of Event

1	January 3	Employees are paid monthly on the first business day of the month for work done in the previous month. (Ignore payroll taxes for this assignment.) Accounting wrote and distributed the paychecks.
2		GBI received $60,000 in safety product inventory and $40,000 in raw materials from Dallas Bike Basics. This inventory was ordered on December 28. The payment terms for the invoice total of $100,000 are net 10 days. GBI paid the CWX shipping company $1500 with a manual check for the shipment of the goods base on the weight. The bill of lading showed that the safety product inventory arrived in 5 boxes with an average weight of 40 lbs per box. and the raw materials came on a pallet and weighed 300 lbs.
3		Windy City Bikes in Chicago, IL ordered $22,500 of bicycle accessories from GBI. The cost of the accessories (to GBI) is $15,000. The goods were shipped to Windy City immediately via UPS using Windy Cityâs UPS shipping number. The terms of payment for Windy Cityâs order are 3/10 net 30 days.
4	January 7	GBI received payment of $24,000 from Northwest Bikes in Seattle, WA for the balance due on their account.
5	January 10	GBIâs account on the utility company website is updated at the end of each month when the meter is read. GBI uses this data to accrue the expenses at the end of each month (in this case on December 31^st.) This allows recognition of the expense in the correct period. Expenses are usually accrued at the end of the month as âAccrued Expensesâ. GBI paid the December utility bill via the companyâs automatic electronic bill pay program.
6		GBIâs advertisement in the English language edition of Italian Cycling Journal was published today. This ad was prepaid at the end of August for six months of advertising, September through February, (Four months of advertising have already been used.)
7	January 11	The office manager in San Diego ordered $380 of office (operating) supplies from Staples. While on the way back from a delivery, one of the warehouse staff picked up the Staples order and brought it to GBIâs office. GBI has an account with Staples and payment terms are net 10. Operating supplies expense is figured at the end of the month determined by the amount of supplies used during the month.
8		GBI ordered $75000 in raw materials from Space Bike Composites in Houston, TX. Terms of payment to Space Bikes are net 30.
9		GBI received payment from Windy City Bikes for their order from January 3. Windy City paid the invoice amount less the discount for paying within 10 days.
10	January 12	GBI paid for the inventory order (via bank transfer) that they received from Dallas Bike Basics back on January 3.
11	January 13	In order to better track inventory, GBI ordered a bar-coding and tracking system which will be installed and tested by Computer Specialists, Inc. (CSI). The system will allow employees to track inventory using mobile devices and special software which will link into their new computerized accounting system. The barcode system costs $7,500 (including sales tax) and CSI will charge GBI $1,300 for the installation and tests. GBI paid a deposit of $2,000 on the system and the remainder is due and payable when the system is installed. GBI will classify the bar-coding system as âProduction Machinery, Equipment and Fixturesâ.
12	January 17	GBI paid an invoice from Lightbulb Accessory Kits for ordered goods that were received on December 20. The amount of the invoice from Lightbulb is $15,890 due net 30.
13		The city of Denver will be hosting a decathlon at the end of February. The event is expected to create demand for high quality bikes. Rocky Mountain Bikes in Denver, CO placed an order with GBI for $128,000 worth of bicycles to be delivered immediately. Rocky Mountain will pay the shipping. The bikes cost GBI $78,000. GBI shipped the order immediately so that Rocky Mountain can start promoting the bikes. Because Rocky Mountain is a good customer, GBI is giving them special terms of net 45 days on this order.
14		GBI received raw materials inventory ordered from Space Bike Composites January 11. Shipping charges of $600 were included in the invoice from Space Bike.
15		GBI received notice that Bunkyâs Bicycle Emporium had declared section 13 bankruptcy which meant GBI would not be able to collect the $4,200 that Bunkyâs owed them.
16	January 18	GBI received a $90,000 funds transfer from Silicon Valley Bikes in Palo Alto for the balance due on their account.
17	January 19	GBI paid Staples for the office supplies they received January 11.
18		SoCal Bikes in Irvine, CA placed an order for $2,750 in bicycle helmets for a special event in February. The merchandise cost GBI $1,300. SoCal sent a truck to the GBI distribution center in San Diego, CA and picked up the merchandise directly from GBIâs warehouse. Terms of payment are net 30. (Donât forget to charge sales tax of 7.75% for this order.)
19	January 24	Beantown Bikes in Boston, MA placed an order with GBI for $27,000 in bicycles. The cost of the bicycles is $17,000. Beantown Bikes is a new customer. Its buyers saw GBIâs booth at a trade show. Because Beantown is a new customer, they must either wait until their credit can be approved or pay for the order before GBI will ship the bikes to them.
20	January 25	GBI has been offered the opportunity to advertise in the Bicycle Times online magazine for a reduced price if they pay for three months in advance. In light of the upcoming Tour de France, the advertising is a great opportunity for GBI to get additional recognition. The advertising will start in February. GBI wrote a check for $9,000 for three months of advertising.
21	January 26	GBI received notification from their bank that Beantown Binkes had transferred funds into their account for their prior order, so GBIâs warehouse personnel shipped Beantownâs order. Beantown will be responsible for paying Fed-X $400 for shipping the order.
22	January 27	The county approved GBIâs building plans for their new warehouse. Estimated building costs are $1,300,000 which will be funded via a mortgage from Bank of America. GBI plans to break ground on the new building April 18^th of this year.
23		GBI sent a $32,000 check to Night Rider Aluminum Products for an order of bicycle parts GBI received December 30th.
24		Big Apple Bikes in New York City is expanding to another location in New York and needs to stock the new location. GBI received a phone order from Big Apple for $250,000 in bicycles and $108,500 in bicycle accessories and safety gear at special discount prices. The cost of the bicycles in this order is $185,000 and the cost of the accessories is $65,000. Big Apple will have a contract trucking company pick up the order when it is ready. The order is sent to GBIâs warehouse for picking and packing, which may take a couple days. Payment terms to Big Apple for this order are net 30.
25	January 31	GBI pays sales tax once a quarter via the stateâs electronic filing and payment system. GBI filed its return and paid its sales tax for the quarter ending December 31.
26		GBI paid Februaryâs rent of $4,000 for the office and warehouse space in San Diego.
27		CSI installed and tested the new barcode system. The warehouse manager approved the installation and commented that she thinks it works great. GBI wrote a check to CSI for the balance owed and gave it to the installer.
28		Big Appleâs truck arrived at GBIâs warehouse and picked up the order from January 27^th.

Adjustment information as of January 31, not already given in the original transaction(s):

1.Based on prior experience, GBI estimates that approximately 1.5 % of the credit sales from each month will become bad debt. GBI writes off bad debts as they occur and recognizes bad debt expense based on percentage of credit sales as an adjusting entry each month.

2. As a control measure, physical inventories are taken on a periodic basis alternating between the raw materials inventory, finished goods inventory and trading goods inventory. Physical inventory of the finished goods inventory was taken at the end of January. It was determined that the value of the finished goods merchandise on hand was $1,200.

3. GBI counted the office (operating) supplies on hand after the close of business on the last day of the month and determined the cost of the unused office supplies to be $1000.

4. Production Machinery, Equipment and Fixtures were placed in service on January 1, 2013, with no salvage value. The bar-code system has a 5-year life and no salvage value. GBI depreciates fixed assets on a straight-line basis and those assets placed in service in the first half of the months are depreciated for the entire month, while fixed assets placed in service during the last half of the month are not depreciated until the second month. Depreciation is rounded to the nearest dollar and assets are depreciated on a monthly basis (i.e. number of days in the month is not of consequence).

5. GBI used the Internet to review the monthly charges for utilities the business consumed during January. Based on the Internet report, the amount to be billed by the utilities company for January usage is the same as was billed for December.

6. Liability insurance for the six-month period ending on January 31 was paid last August on the first of the month. Liability insurance is assumed to be utilized uniformly over the six-month policy period.

7. GBI needs to recognize the wages expense for the month. Since all employees are paid salaries and no changes have been made, this amount is the same as the previous month salaries. (For purposes of this assignment, ignore manufacturing, office, and administrative payrolls and assume all wages expense is towards labor expense.)

****Hello, there was a comment that said "Lack of information on year". For this case study you can use 2018 for all the January transactions and 2017 for anything refering to December. All adjustments need to be dated January 31, 2018. Thank you

viridianreindeer995

Company Background & Scenario

The Auto Zone Company is a well-established, publicly-held corporation, operating as a wholesaler in the auto parts industry. Specifically, Auto Zone purchases auto parts from manufacturers and sells them to large business customers. Most purchases and sales are on account, with trade credit terms (specified below).

Youâre a Davenport University student pursuing a bachelorâs degree in business and employed at the Auto Zone Company this semester as an intern. Youâve worked in various departments and on several projects so far, learning a lot about the companyâs business operations. Management seems impressed with your enthusiasm and the quality of your work.

The companyâs accountant has just been called away for a family emergency and will likely be absent for a month or so. The General Manager asks you to take over the accountantâs regular duties on an interim basis. Youâre nervous about doing so, but are confident that what youâve learned in accounting class, plus your personal problem-solving skills, will make this a successful experience. What a great learning opportunity, not to mention an enhancement to your resume!

Part I

Journal Entries

a. Within the "Transactions" worksheet you will find journal entry statements. Use those statements to write the corresponding journal entries. You are to write the journal entries in the proper special journal. The special journals included within this workbook include the Sales Journal, Purchases Journal, Cash Receipts Journal and Cash Payments Journal. Any transaction that does natually work within one of the special journals should be written into the General Journal.

b.Within the "Transactions" worksheet you will find journal entry statements. At the end of this list you will find "adjusting" information. Use this "adjusting" information to write the respective adjusting journal entries. Write all adjusting entries in the worksheet labled "General Journal ADJ".

c. Before starting work, review the entire project: all instructions, business transactions descriptions, workbook sections, check figures, due dates, and submission requirements.

Credit Terms & Inventory Accounting

a. When Auto Zone purchases merchandise from a supplier or vendor on account, they receive credit terms of 2/15, net 30.

b. When Auto Zone sells merchandise to a customer on account, they offer that customer credit terms of 2/30, net 45.

c. Auto Zone uses a perpetual inventory accounting system and a last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventory costing method. Within this workbook there is a worksheet labeled "Inventory Control". You will need to use the "Inventory Control" worksheet to keep a perptual record of your inventory. As part of that process you will be calculating the value of CGS each time you generate a sale. Use the "Inventory Control" worksheet to calcluate your Cost of Goods Sold values.

d. Auto Zone uses the "Gross" method of accounting for purchases and sales. The "Net" method assumes that discounts are taken at the point of sale or purchase.

MAY JOURNAL TRANSACTIONS

May 1

Paid $2,100 to LG for utilities bill that was recorded in April as an Account Payable, Check #1000.

May 1

Purchased 3,000 GPS units on Credit from Yamaha for $35.00 per unit.

May 1

Purchases office supplies from Staples on credit for $1,800

May 1

Signed a one-year 15%, $150,000 note payable with Chase Bank.

May 2

Rented part of the warehouse to a new tenant and received $12,000 for three months rent (May, June, July).

May 2

Sold 2,000 Aux Cords on account to Tesla for $85 per units, Invoice #2000.

May 2

Sold 400 USB Ports for $70 per unit and 1,200 GPS units for $75 per unit on account to Dodge, Invoice #2001.

May 3

Received a bill from the law firm of Davenport Associates for $6,300, payable upon receipt, for bond consulting fees, Check #1001.

May 4

Sold 500 Aux Cords on credit to Buick for $77 per unit, Invoice #2002.

May 4

Purchased 2,100 USB Ports on credit from Shure for $45 per unit.

May 5

Paid for office supplies purchased at Staples on May 1st, Check #1002.

May 7

Sold 200 GPS units on account to Chevrolet for $49 per unit, Invoice #2003.

May 8

Issued 4,750 shares of common stock for $13 per share

May 11

Purchased 1,875 GPS units on credit from Sony for $25 per unit.

May 11

The Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $7 per share for shareholders of record on May 13th, payable on May 17th.

May 12

Paid in full for the May 1 purchase from Yamaha, Check #1003.

May 13

Received and paid expense reports for travel and entertainment totaling $1,500, Check #1004.

May 13

Took advantage of a special deal to purchase 1,500 Aux Cords on account from Panasonic for $42 per unit.

May 15

Received payment in full from Tesla for the May 2nd sale.

May 15

Sold 1,050 USB Ports on credit to Chevrolet for $57 per unit, Invoice #2004.

May 16

Received payment from Buick for $125,000 of the $300,000 owed from April 5.

May 17

Paid the dividend that was declared on May 11th, Check #1005.

May 17

Check # 1006 was issued for payroll: $14,900 for salaries and $5,100 for wages.

May 20

Issued a credit to Chevrolet for the return of 150 defective units from the May 7th sale. These units has a cost basis of $35 per unit.

May 20

Returned the 150 defective units received from Chevrolet to Yamaha.

May 22

Purchased a $500 international phone card for one of the sales representative's upcoming European business trip, Check #1008.

May 23

Issued bonds payable at face value for $420,000

May 23

Purchased 2,080 USB Ports from Shure for $41 per unit paying in cash, Check #1009

May 24

Check #1010 was issued for payroll: $14,900 for salaries and $5,100 for wages.

May 25

Hired and paid a consultant $50,000 to devise a marketing plan. Auto Zone's management felt this was necessary to develop brand awareness. Check #1011.

May 26

While inspecting the May 11th purchase, it was discovered that the GPS units were programmed for Asia instead of North America. Auto Zone returned the entire order to Sony.

May 27

A bankruptcy judge disallowed Auto Zone's claim for $25,000 due from Jeep. Management Decided to write off this accounts receivable.

May 27

Sold 500 USB Ports on credit to GMC for $61 per unit, Invoice #2005.

May 29

Paid in full for the purchase from Panasonic on May 13, Check #1012.

May 29

Received payment in full from GMC for the May 27th transaction.

May 30

Auto Zone is behind in its mortgage payments to Fifth Third Bank. Paid a total of $20,000 ($5,000 principal and $15,000 interest), Check #1013.

May 31

Paid the first month's principal payment of $12,500 on the note payable. In addition, paid one month's interest, Check #1007

*All purchases on account terms of 2/15, n/30

**All credit sales have terms of 2/30, n/45

May Month-end Adjustments:

( A )

The Company took a physical count of Office Supplies on May 30 and found the following the value of inventory on hand to be $2,500. The beginning inventory was $3,200. Write the adjusting journal entry.

( B )

Auto Zone estimates bad debt expense on a monthly basis rather than waiting until year-end. The company uses the allowance method. Based on recent industry estimates, Auto Zone estimates that the allowance account should be 7.5% of accounts receivable. The ending AR balance is $850,000. At the end of the month (prior to this journal entry) there is a CREDIT balance of $19,000 in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts account. Write the necessary adjusting entry.

( C )

The Balance of $23,000 in the prepaid insurance account at the beginning of May represents 5 months of coverage. Record the amount of insurance for May.

( D )

The Company took a physical inventory count on May 30 and found the following inventory on hand to be $100,641. The ending balance in the Inventory account (before this adjusting entry) was $128,947. Write the necessary adjusting entry.

( E )

Auto Zone has earned two months of the prepaid rent received from their tenant at the beginning of May.

( F )

Depreciation on the company's fixed assets for the month of May is as follows:

1. The furniture and equipment for the office was purchased last year for $7,350. these assets have a 5 year life, an expected salvage value of $500, and are depreicated using straight-line method.

2. The furniture and equipment for the warehouse was purchased a few years ago for $30,000. These assets have a 8-year life, an expected salvage value of $5,000, and are depreciated using the straight-line method.

Shoe:

GPS

Beginning Inventory (BI)

Purchases

Sales

Ending Inventory (EI)