BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Facilitated Diffusion, Passive Transport, Thermal Energy

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emeraldelephant639

7 Jan 2019

School

University of Manitoba

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOL 1010

Professor

Michael Shaw

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Document Summary

Molecules have a type of energy called thermal energy due to their constant motion. Diffusion: the tendency for particles of any substance to spread out into the available space: molecules will randomly diffuse to air and water or into or out of a cell. Passive transport: movement of ions or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. Osmosis: the diffusion of water across a membrane. Tonicity: the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. Hypotonic: the cell gains water, swells and may burst. Hypertonic: the cell shrivels and can die from water loss. Facilitated diffusion: the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane without the use of energy but instead moving according to a concentration gradient. Aquaporin: integral membrane proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells.

Related Questions

Read the following scenarios and indicate which of the following processes they describe.

11. Sodium molecules move randomly around a solution of sodium chloride in water, frequently colliding with other sodium ions and chloride ions. secondary active transport diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion primary active transport

12. Sodium ions (Na+) move through sodium channels in a synthetic membrane. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

13. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in a hypotonic solution. primary active transport secondary active transport facilitated diffusion osmosis

14. Water molecules move into the cytosol of a cell placed in pure water. facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

15. Water molecules move out of a cell placed in a hypertonic solution. facilitated diffusion primary active transport secondary active transport osmosis

16. The action of sodium-potassium pumps moves sodium ions (Na+) out of a cell and potassium ions (K+) into a cell. facilitated diffusion secondary active transport osmosis primary active transport

17. Glucose molecules move into cells lining the intestine against their concentration gradient driven by the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cells down their concentration gradient. osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport facilitated diffusion

18. A beaker of water is separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows the passage of water but not ions. A solution of 4% sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed on one side of the membrane and pure water is placed on the other side of the membrane. The solutions are allowed to equilibrate. At this point, which process is going on? facilitated diffusion osmosis secondary active transport primary active transport

amaranthelk944

1 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) CO₂ and O₂ can diffuse freely across the cell membranes.

(b) The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content.

(d) Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell.

2 Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which of the following ions is the most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell?

(a) Na⁺

(b) K⁺

(d) Cl^â

3 Pumps are transporters that are able to harness energy provided by other components in the cells and drive the movement of solutes across membranes, against their concentration gradient. This type of transport is called _____________.

(a) active transport.

(b) free diffusion.

(d) passive transport.

harlequinbuffalo618

1. predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations. Use the terms osmotic pressure, hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic
2. Why do membranes have to be selectively permeable?

3. What determines whether a particular substance can diffuse (simple or facilitated) through a membrane?

4. What mechanisms drive molecules across membranes? Use the terms concentration gradient, (facilitated) diffusion and active transport.
5. Which parts of the plasma membrane proteins do you expect to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Justify your answer.
concise and short answers pls

BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Facilitated Diffusion, Passive Transport, Thermal Energy

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