BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Lipid Bilayer, Chemical Polarity, Metabolic Waste

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The important point that two or more substances diffuse independently of each other; that is, each diffuses down its own concentration gradient. Because a cell does not have to expend energy or do work when molecules diffuse across its membrane. O2 is a small nonpolar molecule that diffuses easily across the phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. But ions and polar molecules can also can diffuse across the hydrophobic interior of a membrane if they have transport proteins to help them cross, but they cannot easily cross a membrane down their concentration gradient on their own. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. Water is one of the most important substances that cross membranes by passive transport. When a membrane permeable to water but not to a solute (such as glucose) separates two solutions with different concentrations of solute.

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