SSH 105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Ten Feet Tall, Critical Thinking, Deductive Reasoning

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Social Sciences and Humanities
• Course: SSH 105
• Professor: Klaas Kraay

Document Summary

Two ways that beliefs can be irrational/unjusti ed/unreasonable (1) motivational errors. Rejecting, or being excessively critical of contrary evidence (c) over-valuing con rming evidence (aka discon rmation bias) Only looking at, or being insuf ciently critical of con rming evidence (d) over-valuing psychologically available evidence. Giving too much weight to memorable, striking, or vivid evidence. Ex: common misconceptions about shark attacks or air travel. Consider: ryerson university is in guelph, on, the rac is located within ryerson u, the rac is located in guelph, on (from 1,2) Deductive arguments: a deductive argument intends to provide logically conclusive support for the conclusion. A valid argument: all bachelors are unmarried. Ivan is unmarried. (from 1,2: note: this is a special us of the word valid , in logic, this word only applies to arguments; not to premises or conclusions (or questions) An invalid argument: some politicians are crooks, professor kraay is a politician, professor kraay is a crook. (from 1,2)