PSY 302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Mary Ainsworth, Will Horton And Sonny Kiriakis, 6 Years
14 Jun 2018
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Department
Course
Professor
Review week 8
- Name and describe the 4 types of attachment categorized through Mary
Ainsworth strange situation
- Based on research on birth order, which position is associated with the greatest
risk of negative outcomes?
- What are some of the negative outcome?
- In general how long do the negative effects of divorce on children last?
- 2 year
- What did daly and wilson describe as the “cinderella effect”
- Step father, more risk for kids for intentional and unintentional hurt
Lecture 9: Peers & Play
Play
- What is play?
- Things that are for amusement
- Highly engaging, we do them for fun, no goal at the end
- What types of play have you observed or remember engaging in?
- Playground
- Pretend play
- Interactive play
- Is there a specific age group associated with that type of play?
Types of Play
- Mildred Parten’s (1932) 6 types which follow a social progression
1. Unoccupied
a. Not a form of play, doing nothing (before play occurs)
2. Onlooker
a. Passive activity of play, looking at others playing
3. Solitary
a. Playing alone, with toys (non-social play)
4. Parallel
a. First type of social play, 12 months it starts
b. Children are still in individual play but with others in close proximity and
monitoring one another, no full interactive yet
5. Associative
a. 15-18 months, still in independ play but both kids are doing the same
activity, some interaction like verbal, non-verbal, exchange of toys
6. Cooperative
a. Full on play, 2 years, interactive, full on
b. 3 ½ -4 this is the primary type of play kids are apart of
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- Notes about Parten types:
- Parten’s types of play are still acknowledged
- Develop in the order suggested
- The new type does not replace the previous one. Instead it is added to the play
repertoire
- As child develops, he engages in a more mature version of the types of play
- Beyond Parten’s types of play, other have been identified
Other types of play: Pretend play
- Pretend play (aka make-believe, sociodramatic, dramatic, and social pretend)
- 2 to 6 years of age → decreases after 6y
- Requires cognitive, social, and emotional skills
- Requires acting out and respond to pretend emotions/scenarios
- Helps them emotional and cognitive developed,
- Explore reactions in a safe way
- Cognitive → helps them be more creative and use brain
- 2y and 6y pretend play is different, 2y are more concrete
- Something you should encourage
- Can take on a character (e.g. sheriff and bank robber)
Other types of play: Rough-and-tumble
- Rough-and-tumble play:
- 2 years and up, mostly during elementary school ages
- Highly physical play
- Including everything, kicking, wrestling ect
- Intention is not to cause harm but to have fun
- Smiling and laughing
- Boys are more engaged than girls
- The goal isn’t to harm one another
- When there is an unpopular boy in the group then it will lead to them beating him
up
Friendship
- Overlapping years because there are individual differences, we all grow differently
- He based it on interviews rather than observing
- Over time the priorities of friendships development and change
- Level 0: Momentary playmates
- 3-7y
- Focused on who they are playing with, those people are there friends
- Similar interests, live close
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- They can be on and off
- Level 1 : One way assistance
- 4-9y
- What’s in it for me?
- Do they share snacks, share a seat on the bus?
- Not focused on giving but more on getting
- Use friendship as a bargain
- Level 2: Fair-weather cooperation
- 6-12y
- Realize they need to give and not only getting
- Even trade by this point
- If it’s very unbalanced they will end the relationship
- Judgemental in the stage of friends and themselves
- Level 3: Mutually Intimate
- 11-15
- Emotional connection of friends
- Be expressive
- Share stuff you wouldn’t with just anyone
- Both ways
- BBF stage
- Might get mad if someone hangs out with someone else
- Level 4: Mature Friendships
- 12y and older
- Be through thick or thin
- Value emotional closeness
- Understand your differences
- No longer possessive
- Trust and Support
Functions of Friendships
- Friends can provide a source of emotional support and security
- Particularly important during difficult transition periods
- Serves as a buffer against unpleasant event
- Linked to decreases in adjustment problems when reciprocated
- Both should be reciprocating love, peer relationship only
- Friendship meanings and reasons change over time
- Self disclose to parents - 2nd grade -5th grade, friends in hs, post secondary - romantic
partner
PEER ACCEPTANCE & STATUS
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Document Summary
Name and describe the 4 types of attachment categorized through mary. What did daly and wilson describe as the cinderella effect . Step father, more risk for kids for intentional and unintentional hurt. Highly engaging, we do them for fun, no goal at the end. Parten"s types of play are still acknowledged. The new type does not replace the previous one. Instead it is added to the play repertoire. As child develops, he engages in a more mature version of the types of play. Beyond parten"s types of play, other have been identified. Pretend play (aka make-believe, sociodramatic, dramatic, and social pretend) 2 to 6 years of age decreases after 6y. Requires acting out and respond to pretend emotions/scenarios. Cognitive helps them be more creative and use brain. 2y and 6y pretend play is different, 2y are more concrete. Can take on a character (e. g. sheriff and bank robber) 2 years and up, mostly during elementary school ages.
